Fall prevention exercise programs have been reported to be effective in minimizing falls in older adults. However, adherence and attrition in exercise programs remain a challenge. This study reviewed the evidence on how levels of adherence and attrition in fall prevention exercise programs may affect magnitude of effect of fall risk reduction in community-dwelling older adults. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on fall prevention exercise programs for community-dwelling older adults aged 65+ years published between 2005 and 2016 from six databases were undertaken. Twenty articles met inclusion criteria. Results showed that program adherence >80% may result in greater fall risk reduction compared to lower levels of adherence. A possible inverse relationship exists between attrition levels and effect sizes of fall prevention exercise programs. Future studies should properly report falls/fallers and a consensus on a standardized measure for reporting adherence to fall prevention exercise programs is recommended.

Purpose: To assess the impact of cerebral palsy on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of Nigerian children.

Method: This is a cross-sectional survey. The study involved 54 children (33 males and 21 females), between 1 and 12 years of age, with cerebral palsy. They were consecutively recruited from two tertiary health institutions in Lagos, Nigeria.

The socio-demographic details of the participants were obtained through interviews. Their HRQoL was assessed using the Child Health Questionnaire-Parent Form-28 (CHQ-PF 28). The questionnaire was completed by their parents, guardians or primary care-givers. Severity of motor disability was assessed and classified using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Data were summarised using descriptive statistics. Chi-square was used to find the association between each of the selected socio-demographic variables and motor disability, and HRQoL.

Results: Thirty-eight children (70.3%) were between 1 and 6 years of age, and 16 (29.7%) were between 7 and 12 years. The participants’ overall scores and scores on each domain of CHQ-PF 28 were very low. Majority (69.5%) were in GMFCS classification-level 1, 7 (13.0%) were in level 2, 12 (22.2%) were in level 3, 14 (25.9%) were in level 4, and 16 (29.6%) were in level 5. Age had significant effect (CI = 95%) on HRQoL of children with cerebral palsy. Severity of disability had negative impact (CI = 95%) on HRQoL of children with cerebral palsy.

Conclusions: The health-related quality of life of Nigerian children with cerebral palsy is low, and is negatively affected by age and severity of disability.

Key words: Quality of life, cerebral palsy, children, Nigeria

doi 10.5463/DCID.v22i2.24

Pulmonary complications in type 2 diabetes are a major health issue of concern. Management and progress monitoring post exercise intervention is paramount for optimal feedback. Results of this article are useful for physiotherapist, endocrinologist, diabetes educators and clinicians in cardiopulmonary field of study.

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