This paper presents challenges facing agricultural extension system in Nigeria most especially, during crises and emergencies, which necessitate the adoption of digitizing extension systems as a basis for improving farmers’ access to extension services during emergencies. The emergence of ICTs has given rise to digitization, which is the delivery of agricultural advice via audiovisual messages (video), interactive voice response (IVR) and short message services (SMS) among others. Efforts should be made by the stakeholders in agricultural extension to digitize the country's extension system by capitalizing on the existing enthusiasm among extension practitioners, and farmers using lessons of best practices from elsewhere.
This study assessed the effect of Ondo State Agricultural Inputs Supply Agency (OSAISA) on the profitability of crop farmers in Owo Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria. The study specifically described the socio-economic characteristics of arable crop farmers, compared the profitability of OSAISA patronizing food crop farmers (PF) and non-patronizing food crop farmers (NPF) and identified the various constraints encountered by patronizing farmers in dealing with OSAISA. One hundred and twenty food crop farmers random sampling procedure. Information was obtained from the respondents using a well-structured questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed with both descriptive statistics and budgeting technique. Findings revealed that 88.3% and 86.7% of the PF and NPF, respectively were males. About 50.0% of PF and 56.7% of NPF were between 41 and 50 years of age. The net farm income of the PF was greater than the NPF and benefit cost ratio for PF was more sustainable and viable than that of NPF. The major constraint faced by the OSAISA’ PF was inadequate capital to purchase the desired inputs. Based on the results, the study concludes that OSAISA contributes tremendously to the profitability of patronizing farmers in the study area. It is, therefore, recommended that farmers should be given easy access to acquire loan to meet their input demand and farming business in general; including adequate and timely supply of inputs for effective and efficient productivity.
C ocoa, Theobroma cacao, is indigenous to South and Central America's intense tropical areas (Tenkap and Balogun, 2020;Afolayan, 2020). In reference to total global production, Africa is expected to remain the largest cocoa producing continent, accounting for 77% of world cocoa output. The shares of the Amer-icas and Asia and Oceania are likely to be 17% and 6% respectively (ICCO, 2021). Thus, as compared to African countries that accounted for the two-third of world cocoa production, South and Central American countries produce just around 14% of world's current cocoa production (FAOSTAT, 2018). The world cocoa production is estimated to be about 5.024 million tonnes in the year 2020/21 season (ICCO, 2021).
This research measured the output supply and input demand response of poultry egg production in South-western Nigeria. Specifically, the research noted both elasticities of output supply and input demand for egg production, as well as the short run profit value. This is necessary due to the acute shortage of information on the study area’s elasticity of output supply and input demand for egg production. A well-structured questionnaire and in-person interviews were used to gather data from the 360 egg producers that made up the sample size. The respondents were chosen using a snowball sampling technique. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to evaluate the data. By taking the first derivative, six equations were constructed from the generalized Leontief restricted profit function. The parameter estimates of the formulas were examined using Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR). Results demonstrated that the egg’s own-price elasticities were positive as predicted, at 0.434, and the supply of spent layers was, at 1.12. Additionally, all estimated own-price elasticities of input demands were discovered to be negative, as predicted. The study found that input demands were highly responsive to own-price change except for the day-old-chicks. The results also showed that labour was the most highly elastic input employed compared to other factors. The cross-price effects between the feed demand and day-old-chicks was found to be complements, while the cross-price effect between the feed demand and labour price was found to be substitutable. The study, therefore, concludes and suggests that price elasticities of demand for labour, feed and vaccines in poultry egg farming are keys for policy formulations to stimulate competitiveness in poultry industry.
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