To "end poverty in all its forms everywhere" and "reduce inequality within and among countries", this study aligns with the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals 1 and 10. It uniquely contributes to the growth-poverty-inequality discourse by using per capita consumption expenditure growth (poverty), Gini index (inequality) and GDP growth (economic growth). It is a comparative analysis of 58 Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Latin American (LAC) countries (from 2000 to 2015) to determine whether economic growth reduces the incidence of poverty and if its interaction with income inequality enhances or alters its impact on poverty. Consistent findings from a multianalytical approach using pooled ordinary least squares, fixed effects and system GMM reveal that: (1) economic growth exhibit poverty-reduction properties; (2) the growth rate of inequality intensifies poverty, (3) inequality aggravates the impact of growth on poverty, and (4) the growth-poverty-inequality trilemma differs across income groups and regional samples. Furthermore, this study submits that the interaction of income inequality dampens the positive impact of economic growth on the incidence of poverty and supports the argument that the extent of inequality lessens the effect of inclusiveness. Hence, income inequality is a crucial determinant of poverty. Policy implications are discussed.
Carbon emissions are basically gaseous substances that are generated from human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels, into the atmosphere, and these emissions affect agricultural output and human health. The rising level of carbon emissions into the atmosphere has become a problem worldwide. Thus, this study examined the effect of carbon emissions on agricultural output and life expectancy in West Africa using data that spanned the period between 2000 and 2018. The study employed the two stage least squares econometric technique. The findings from the study revealed that a 1% increase in carbon emissions bring about a 3.818% reduction in agricultural output, that is, carbon emissions adversely affect agricultural output in West Africa. Also, a 1% increase in carbon emissions bring about a 0.123% increase in life expectancy, that is, carbon emissions boost life expectancy in West Africa. Therefore, this study recommends that the governments of the West African countries should formulate environmental policies that will help mitigate the adverse impact of carbon dioxide emissions on the agricultural sector, and also improve on healthcare delivery in the hospitals so as to reduce the mortality rate, this will help increase life expectancy in West Africa.
Poverty in Nigeria is at extremely high levels and represents one of the many economic hardships faced by the Nigeria population. One of the factors potentially contributing to present high poverty levels is poor environment quality which is prevalent in Nigeria and which may result in increased poverty levels as efforts are undertaken to address adverse environment quality. This paper explored the effect of environment quality on poverty reduction in Nigeria using data from the World Bank World Development indicators over the period of 1990 to 2015. The study employed Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test, and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) estimation in analyzing data and the findings of the study revealed that improved environment quality as measured by improved access to sanitation and access to electricity positively and significantly increase poverty level in Nigeria, possibly on account of the increased financial and social costs of gaining access to sanitation and electricity. It is recommended that policy makers ensure that policies aimed at improving environment quality in Nigeria take into account the adverse implications of improving environment quality for poverty so as to ensure that a balance is achieved between improved environment quality and reduced poverty so that a cleaner environment is achieved at lower financial and welfare cost to citizens.
Agriculture is central to welfare especially in the context of developing countries which include those of ECOWAS, however among those individuals’ dependent on agriculture for their livelihood are those living in poverty and earning low incomes amongst other living standards. On the other hand, sustainable socio-economic welfare is not given much attention in the welfare literature compared to other welfare categorisations such as socio-economic welfare and economic welfare. This study explores the effect of agricultural employment on sustainable socio-economic welfare as well as the possibility of a non-linear relationship between the aforementioned variables in a balanced panel of Fifteen ECOWAS member countries. Human Sustainable Development Index (HSDI) was used as proxy for Sustainable socio-economic welfare, while the proportion of employed individuals realising a living from agriculture is the measure for agricultural employment. The results from utilising panel data fixed effects estimation show that agricultural employment adversely and significantly resulted in sustainable socio-economic welfare declining while the hypothesis of non-linear relationship between the aforementioned variables was not supported. Consequently, the study recommends that ECOWAS member country governments in raising welfare levels focus necessarily on sustainable socio-economic welfare rather than socio-economic welfare that has been the traditional focus of welfare efforts. Also ECOWAS country governments should ensure that agriculture sector interventions effectively target the poor and vulnerable households relying on agriculture for their livelihood.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.