The study consisted of 400 sexed turkeys, grouped on the basis of 2 distinct feather colours (white and black) into deep litter and outdoor, respectively. Day-old poults were brooded for 4 weeks and acclimatized in both houses for 2 weeks before the commencement of the study that lasted for 10 weeks. At the end of the trial, 2 birds per replicate were sacrificed and left tibiae were removed for morphometric and mineral analyses. Data were arranged in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial layout and subjected to Analysis of Variance in a Completely Randomized Design. Results showed water intake and water: feed were significantly (p<0.05) higher in turkeys reared on deep litter. Also, male turkeys recorded significantly (p<0.05) higher weight gain, feed and water intakes, and better feed conversion ratio than female turkeys. Tibia length and ash weight were significantly (p<0.05) greater in turkeys reared in deep litter than turkeys in outdoor. Tibiae phosphorus was significantly influenced by interactions of sex by feather colour as well as housing system by sex by feather colour. Therefore, female turkeys with either white or black feathers could be reared in outdoor-run for strong tibiae with predominant bone mineral (Ca and P) matrix.
In the study, the effects of in ovo injection of amino acids (L-methionine, L-lysine, and Larginine) and their combinations on hatching traits, post-hatch performance, cell-mediated immune response and blood profile of FUNAAB Alpha broiler chicken were evaluated. The study was carried out in two trials. In the first trial, a total of 360 hatching eggs of indigenous chicken were fumigated, weighed and placed in the incubator. On day 14 of incubation, candling was done and eggs with living embryos were distributed into four treatments; Control (un-injected eggs), L-methionine injected eggs, L-arginine injected eggs and L-lysine injected eggs. Each egg was injected 0.5 mL solution of the amino acid on day18. Hatched chicks were distributed into three replicates containing 30 chicks each. In trial 2, another 360 hatching eggs were used in the treatments which were; Control (eggs without amino acid injection), L-arginine injected eggs, combination of L-arginine and L-methionine injected eggs and combination of L-arginine and L-lysine injected eggs. On day 21 post-hatch, cell-mediated immune response, haematological and serum biochemical parameters were determined. Data obtained from the two trials were subjected to Completely Randomized Design. Results revealed the highest hatchability of 70.27% in the control treatment (un-injected), followed by 51.35% in arginine-injected eggs with the lowest (2.70%) in methionine-injected eggs. Arginine was found to enhance hatchability while L-methionine injected in ovo decreased hatchability. In the second trial, the results showed highest hatchability (89.58%) in eggs under the control, followed by 39.29%, 30.80% and 21.43% in eggs injected with the combination of arginine and lysine, arginine injected eggs, and those with arginine and methionine combination, respectively. Significant (p<0.05) differences in growth performance were only observed in the feed conversion ratio and percentage survivability. Better feed conversion ratio of 2.18 and 2.29 were recorded in birds injected with arginine and the control as against those subjected to combined arginine and methionine (2.96) as well as combined arginine and lysine (3.12). Survivability of 100% was recorded in chickens from arginine-injected eggs in ovo injection and chickens from eggs injected with the combination of arginine and methionine. The study concluded that in ovo injection of arginine either singly or in combination with lysine or methionine positively influenced hatchability, chick weight and growth performance without any deleterious effect on the blood profile of the post-hatch chicks.
The study was design to identify effect of Guinea fowl hatchable egg source on fertility and hatchability and egg physical characteristics. Hatching eggs are primarily subject to assessment of external characteristics. The most important characteristics determining whether eggs are suitable for incubation are their weight, shape, and eggshell condition. Six hundred Guinea fowl eggs were purchased from two reputable breeder farms in Northern Nigeria BirninKebbi and Southern Nigeria Saki consisting of 300 eggs from each source. The eggs collected were stored for seven days at temperature between 16o c-20 oc and selected for incubation in an automated incubator to determine the percentage overall keet hatched, dead in shell, dead in germs, infertile, fertile but not hatched and weak in shell. The results showed that, the hatching rate of the eggs was mostly found to be in the range of 60% for Saki and 68% for BirninKebbi. From the measurements of egg weight, egg length, egg width and egg shape index, egg length and egg shape index (ESI) were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by the egg source. Eggs sourced from Saki had significantly (p<0.05) higher egg length (44.12 mm) and lower egg shape index (0.70) values compared with those got from BirninKebbi. Incubated eggs sourced from BirninKebbi had higher dead in shell (17%), infertile eggs (7%) and keets hatched (68%) compared to ones from Saki, while hatchable eggs from Saki had higher dead in germ (28%) and weak in shell (4%) embryos compared to values obtained for BirninKebbi eggs. Data on incubated guinea fowl eggs were obtained from the hatchery units records and the results showed that, the hatching rate of the eggs was mostly found to be in the range of 60% for Saki and 68% for BirninKebbi. The experiment was laid out on studentized - t test at 95% confidence limit.It was concluded that hatchable Guinea fowl eggs sourced from BirninKebbi in the hot northern region of Nigeria are better than those obtained from the cooler Saki area of the south-west due to high keets hatched (68%) and low dead in germ and weak in shell embryo. The hot weather conditions at Kebbi appear to have adverse effect on Guinea fowl egg fertility and hatchability. The egg fertility of guinea fowl during hot periods needs further investigation to enable better conclusion to be drawn. L'étude a été conçue pour identifier l'effet de la source d'œufs à l'éruption à l'églance de la guidé sur la fertilité et les caractéristiques physiques d'élevabilité et d'œuf. Les œufs d'éclosion sont principalement soumis à l'évaluation des caractéristiques externes. Les caractéristiques les plus importantes déterminant si les œufs conviennent à l'incubation sont leur poids, leur forme et leur état d'œufs. Six cents œufs de picottes de Guinée ont été achetés dans deux fermes d'éleveur réputées dans le nord du Nigéria Birninkebbi et le sud du Nigeria Saki composé de 300 œufs de chaque source. Les œufs recueillis ont été stockés pendant sept jours de température entre 16oc-20oC et sélectionnés pour une incubation dans un incubateur automatisé pour déterminer le pourcentage de keet global éclos, morts en coquille, morts dans des germes, stériles, fertiles mais non éclos et faibles en coquille. Les résultats ont montré que, le taux d'éclosion des œufs était principalement reconnu dans la fourchette de 60% pour Saki et 68% pour Birninkebbi. Des mesures de poids d'œuf, de longueur des œufs, de largeur d'œufs et d'index de forme d'œuf, de longueur d'œufs et d'index de forme d'œufs (ESI) ont été significativement (p <0,05) influencées par la source d'œufs. Les œufs provenant de Saki avaient de manière significative (p <0,05) la longueur d'œuf supérieure (44,12 mm) et les valeurs inférieures de la forme d'œufs (0,70) sont comparées à celles de Birninkebbi. Les œufs incubés provenant de Birninkebbi avaient des morts plus élevés dans la coquille (17%), des œufs stériles (7%) et des attelles éclos (68%) par rapport à ceux de Saki, tandis que les œufs de Saki étaient plus élevés de Saki (28%) et faibles En coquille (4%) embryons par rapport aux valeurs obtenues pour les œufs Birninkebbi. Les données sur les œufs d'œufs d'tinctouche incubées ont été obtenues à partir des enregistrements d'unités d'écloserie et les résultats ont montré que le taux d'éclosion des œufs était principalement constaté partie de 60% pour Saki et 68% pour Birninkebbi. L'expérience a été définie sur un test étudié à 95% de la confiance. Il a été conclu que les œufs d'œufs d'orgueille à l'ascellable provenant de Birninkebbi dans la région du nord du Nigéria chaude sont meilleurs que ceux obtenus à partir de la zone froide Saki du Sud-Ouest en raison de hautes clés éclos (68%) et de morts peu élevés dans les germes Embryo Shell. Les conditions météorologiques chaudes de Kebbi semblent avoir des effets néfastes sur la fertilité des œufs d'œufs et l'éclosibilité des œufs de poule. La fertilité des œufs de la volaille de Guinée pendant les périodes chaudes nécessite une enquête plus approfondie pour permettre une meilleure conclusion à tirer.
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