Abstract:In order to understand the suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes in Akoko northwest and Akoko northeast, water quality index calculation, % Na, Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Permeability Index (PI) and Electrical Conductivity were determined from thirteen water samples. The sequence of the abundance of the major ions is in the following order of K > Na > Ca > Mg for cations and Cl > HCO > SO > F in anions. The water quality index (WQI) obtained for the water samples ranges between 22.7 and 88.6. The water quality index classified the water into "excellent" and "good" drinking water and account for about 85% and 15% of the study area respectively. The % Na of the samples varies between 49 and 79%. Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) of the studied water samples varies from 1.40 to 3.56 with a mean of 2.44. The values are within 0 -10 specified as excellent water for irrigation purpose. The Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) values ranges between -51.6 and +10.57, with an average of -14.5, which agrees with less than 2.5 specified for the purpose of irrigation. The permeability index (PI) of the water varies from 2.27 to 19.9, with an average of 7.93. The values fall within the Third category of 0 -25 irrigation water which is rated as poor. The electrical conductivity of the water ranges from 117 to 789 μs/cm with an average of 378 μs/cm which corresponds to moderate (medium salinity). Also, the water in the study area shows variation of low salinity to high salinity. The Wilcox plot showed that the water samples have excellent -good irrigation potential except a sample taken from Arigidi Akoko which fall within "good to permissible limit." Therefore combine all these results the water are moderately suitable for irrigation purpose and good for drinking.
The purpose of this study is to determine hydraulic properties of groundwater in central area of Ondo State using pumping test. The data obtained from area during pumping test sessions which lasted for a period of 7-12 hours for a total of 76 boreholes. The total depth of the drilled boreholes vary from 8.7 m to 50.0 m and an average depth of 27.9 m. The installation depths of the boreholes vary from 8.5 m to 49.7 m, with a mean depth of 26.8 m. The thickness of the aquifer units/screen length is between 2.3-26 m. The results indicate yield capacity (17.28-110.59 m³ /d), hydraulic conductivity (0.1382-48.1210 m/d), transmissivity (2.4705-221.3568 m² /d), storage coefficient or storativity (0.000069 to 0.007496). All the determined hydraulic properties are generally uniform in the area. The generated groundwater potential map shows that most parts (60%) of the area are characterized by fair aquiferous units in terms of their properties. Consequently the result is suggestive of fair water bearing unit and capable of providing a reasonable satisfying and quantifiable amount of water for domestic uses. The findings of this research may serve as baseline information for groundwater exploitation and development in the area.
Hydrochemical facies, groundwater evolution, and physicochemical reactions between soil or rock and water are of considerable importance when evaluating or predicting the nature of anthropogenic impacts on groundwater quality. In this respect a total of 67 ground water samples were collected randomly in Akure, southwestern, Nigeria from hand pump/dug wells and analyzed for major cations and anions. The domination of cations and anions was in the order of Ca 2+ >
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