Background: An understanding of willingness of people to disclose coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms and take the COVID-19 test will help provide important insight for motivators towards the self-surveillance and testing strategies recommended by the World Health Organization to curtail and halt the transmission of COVID-19. Objectives: This study assessed willingness to disclose symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 and willingness to take COVID-19 test as well as their predictors. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey of 524 Nigerian adults, aged ≥ 18 years, residing in Nigeria and who had not taken the COVID-19 test was conducted. Information on willingness to disclose COVID-19 symptoms, take COVID-19 test and possible predictors were collected. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics evaluated at 5% significance level. Results: Mean age of respondents was 35.8 (S.D: 10.7) years and 57.0% were males. Majority (85.8% and 86.2% respectively) were willing to disclose COVID-19 symptoms and take COVID-19 test. Self-risk perception of contracting COVID-19 predicted both willingness to disclose COVID-19 symptoms (aOR=3.236; 95%CI=1.836-5.704) and take COVID-19 test (aOR=3.174; 95%CI=1.570-6.419). Willingness to disclose COVID-19 symptoms (aOR=13.060; 95%CI= 6.253-27.276), knowledge of someone who had taken the test (aOR= 4.106; 95%CI= 1.179-14.299) and thought that it was important for people to know their COVID-19 status (aOR=3.123; 95%CI= 1.516-6.434) also predicted willingness to take COVID-19 test. Conclusion: Nigerians are willing to disclose symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 and take the COVID-19 test. Investment in interventions developed based on the predicting factors will help speed up the finding and testing of suspected COVID-19 cases.
Background Diarrhoea remains the foremost cause of sickness and death among children aged <5 y (under-five) in low- and middle-income countries. The WHO and UNICEF recommend that any child with diarrhoea signs be given zinc tablets as part of the treatment within 24 h. Therefore, we aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of zinc utilisation for diarrhoea among under-five children in Nigeria. Methods The Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2018 was used for this study. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 25.0. A multilevel analysis technique employing the generalised linear mixed model was used for analysing the data of 3956 under-five children with diarrhoea. Results Only 29.1% of children who experienced diarrhoea received zinc combined with other forms of treatments during the diarrhoea episode. However, mothers with a secondary or higher level of education had a 40% higher likelihood of zinc utilisation during childhood diarrhoea (AOR, 1.40; 95% CI 1.05 to 2.22). Similarly, children whose mothers were exposed to media were more likely to receive zinc during diarrhoea than those whose mothers were not (AOR, 2.50; 95% CI 1.01 to 3.87). Conclusions In this study, the prevalence of zinc use among under-five children with diarrhoea in Nigeria was low. Therefore, appropriate strategies to improve zinc utilisation are needed.
BackgroundThe report of the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS 2013) showed Ondo State had one of the worst indices for stunting and underweight in the southwestern geopolitical zone of the country, a development that was considered "unacceptable" by the state government. In the bid to reverse the ugly trend, the State Primary Health Care Development Agency put in place a comprehensive nutrition program in 2015 tagged "Nutrition Rebirth," aimed at reversing the high prevalence of malnutrition among under-five children in the State. AimsThis study seeks to evaluate the Ondo State comprehensive nutrition program by comparing the children's nutritional status pre-and post-period under review in the implementation of the program. This provides a measure of assessment of the performance of the program as implemented in the period under review. Materials and methodsThis study covered the period between 2015 and 2017 in the implementation of the nutrition rebirth program. Data for the study were obtained from the NDHS (2013) and NDHS (2018) nutrition of children and women data. Analysis of the NDHS (2013) and NDHS (2018) data commenced simultaneously with field work and lasted for about six and eight months, respectively. Analysis of the data obtained from the NDHS for this study spanned through a period of about three weeks. An ecologic time-trend analysis was used to compare the trends in nutritional status indicators among under-five children in all 18 Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Ondo State. ResultsMalnutrition among children less than five years dropped in most of the LGAs in 2018. Malnutrition was not associated with children's gender and maternal age in 2013 and 2018. Prevalence of stunting growth and underweight was associated with maternal education, wealth index, residence type, place of delivery, and LGA in 2013 (p < 0.05) but was not in 2018 (p > 0.05). ConclusionsThe spatial analysis of the Ondo State comprehensive nutrition program showed that the program has a positive impact, reducing malnutrition among children under five years; but critical appraisal of implementation challenges in LGAs with no significant reduction in malnutrition among their children under five years is recommended. The comprehensive and wholistic approach of the program is also recommended for other states and settings with a high prevalence of under-five malnutrition to understudy the possible adaptation, as appropriate.
Mortality and morbidity figures associated with tuberculosis are generally scary. Raw materials involved in the pottery making process contain crystalline silica which has been documented as risk factors to the development of tuberculosis. Unfortunately Nigeria pottery workers have no formal occupational health services. This study determined the knowledge of risk factors and preventive practices against pulmonary tuberculosis among pottery workers in Oye, Nigeria. A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out among 198 pottery workers selected using multistage sampling method. Research instrument consisted of a semi structured interviewer administered pretested questionnaire. Data was analyzed using the SPSS software version 23.0. Results shows that a one hundred and ninety four (98%) of the respondents have ever heard of pulmonary tuberculosis, 178(89.9%) of them don't know whether clay soil contained chemicals that could predispose them to tuberculosis. Only 64.1%, 56.6% and 59.1% had good mean general knowledge, good mean knowledge of prevention and good mean perception scores to tuberculosis respectively. Sixty three (31.8%) said that pottery workers are among those at risk of developing Tuberculosis (TB). Only 51 (25.8%) said they used protective equipment. Predictors of good general knowledge and good perception of TB include age above 24 years, being female, having post primary school education, having spent more than 5 years in pottery business and using protective devices (p<0.005). There is need for recognition and prioritization of all silica-exposed workers for screening and treatment services in anti-TB programmes of the Government.
Background: The global community is racing to slow down and eventually halt the spread of COVID-19. The success of the ongoing battle against this pandemic all over the world depends on community knowledge and perception. The objective of this study was to assess risk communication, knowledge and community attitudes to COVID-19 outbreaks in southwestern Nigeria. Methods: Community based descriptive cross-sectional study of risk communication, knowledge and community attitude to COVID-19 prevention and control among 1200 community persons selected using multistage sampling methods. Research instrument was a semi-structure interviewer administered questionnaire, and data analyzed using the IBM SPSS software version 23.0. Findings: Mean age of respondents was 36.0 ± 12.1 years, 735 (61.3%) were females and 465 (38.8%) were males. Majority of the respondents (97.5%) had heard about COVID-19, with the radio (65.2%) and television (60.4%) being the major sources of information. Only 455 (37.9%) think that they can get COVID-19, 738 (61.5%) said they were ready to willingly observe staying indoors or lockdown, only 525 (43.8%) have been putting on face mask. Respondents with good knowledge of COVID-19 transmission, symptoms and prevention were 39.6%, 88.7% and 94.5% respectively, while for good perception towards COVID-19 was 72.2%. Predictors of good knowledge of transmission and symptoms of COVID were respondents being above 19 years, being a male and having education level above secondary school. Predictors of good knowledge and perception of prevention and control measures of COVID were respondents being above 19 years, being a female and having education level above secondary school. Conclusion: Good awareness and poor knowledge of COVID-19 transmission, but good knowledge of prevention and good perception were reported among communities in Southwestern Nigeria. Only few believed they could get the disease. This calls for enlightenment campaign and good communication messages directed at the general population.
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