This study is aimed at investigating the effects of tamoxifen on lipid profile. In order to achieve this, tamoxifen was administered once daily intraperitoneally to the female rats at a dose of 2.07mg/kg body weight for 1 and 2 weeks, while a group of rats was allowed to recover for a week after 2 weeks of tamoxifen administration. Rats in the control group were similarly treated but were given corn oil instead of the drug. Tamoxifen administration caused perturbations of major lipids in the animals. Administration of tamoxifen for 1 week lowered cholesterol and triglycerides levels in the plasma by 23.63 % and 39.74 % respectively and in the low density lipoproteins and very low density lipoproteins (LDL+VLDL) by 79.72 % and 67.59 % respectively, while it increased high density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol by 3.44 fold. In the tissues, tamoxifen administration for 2 weeks did not significantly affect cholesterol and triglycerides levels but phospholipid levels in the liver, kidney and heart were lowered by 52.38 %, 42.98 % and 73.82 % respectively, while phospholipidosis was the hallmark of its effect in the spleen. The result of our study affirmed that tamoxifen exerts a favourable effect on lipid profile. The hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridesmia effects of tamoxifen observed in this study may partially explain the decrease in coronary heart disease related mortality seen in patients receiving tamoxifen treatment.
This study evaluated the acute and subacute toxicity effects of Bridelia ferrugelia leaf extract. Observation of the acute group showed that LD50 of the extract is greater than 2000 mg/kg. The subacute investigation was determined by administering 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg of the methanolic leaf extract to male Wistar rats for 28 days with distilled water as a control. Haematological and biochemical parameters, as well as lipid levels of vital organs, were examined. Toxicological evaluation of the extract did not produce any significant change in haematological and biochemical parameters in rats. In addition, blood lipids levels were not significantly affected, while dyslipidaemia effect observed in some vital organs were found to be nonlipotoxic. Administration of Bridelia ferrugelia at a dose of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg for 28 days resulted in reduction of cardiac cholesterol level by 37.16%, 39.36% and 17.64% respectively, reduction of pulmonary cholesterol by 22.17%, 28.08% and 6.24 % respectively and dose-dependent decrease in pulmonary triglyceride level by 16.17, 29.14 and 54.25% respectively. This study indicates that Bridelia ferrugelia extract administered at 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg did not show any toxic effect on the parameters investigated in rats. Thus, the extract can be considered safe when administered orally
This study evaluated the antioxidant and possible protective effects of Celosia argentea against tissue injury caused by rifampicin administration. The antioxidant property of the aqueous extract of C. argentea was assessed in-vitro using 2,2-Diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sufonic acid) (ABTS) assays. The results obtained revealed the free radical scavenging ability of the extract against the radicals in a concentration-dependent manner. Administration of rifampicin to rats for 28 days induced a significant increase in the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and increase cholesterol levels in the plasma, liver and kidney while HDL cholesterol was decreased. It also elevated the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the liver and kidney. However, co-administration of C. argentea extract to rifampicin treated rats significantly reversed all these rifampicin induced changes. The levels of AST, ALT, ALP and cholesterol in the plasma, liver and kidney were decreased while HDL cholesterol level was increased. In addition, SOD activity was elevated while MDA was depressed when compared to the rifampicin treated rats. The extract of C. argentea was found to be rich in phenolic content and was proved to have no toxic effects on rats when administered alone to normal rats at a dose level of 400mg/kg/day. This study demonstrated that C. argentea leaf extract ameliorates rifampicin-induced hepatotoxicity and could be exploited in the management of hepatotoxic effect associated with rifampicin treatment.
The study was aimed to investigate the hypolipidemic potential of methanolic extract Rauvolfia vomitoria leaves in high cholesterol-fed rats. The preliminary study showed that R. vomitoria leaves were able to scavenge the 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sufonic acid) (ABTS) and 2-Diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and these radicals scavenging abilities were found to be dose-dependent. Administration of cholesterol to rats for 45 days induced a significant increase in the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and increase lipids levels in the plasma and tissues while HDL cholesterol was decreased. It also elevated the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the tissues. However, co-administration of high cholesterol-fed rats with R. vomitoria extract at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly reversed lipids levels to near normal with cholesterol in the plasma, liver, heart, kidney and lung reduced by (23.13% and 56.43%), (30.09% and 20.90%), (38.21% and 74.53%), (12.61% and 32.49%) and (37.11% and 29.90%) respectively while HDL cholesterol level was increased by (225.44% and 110.39%). The levels of AST, ALT and ALP in the plasma and MDA in the tissues were also decreased while SOD activities in the liver, heart, kidney and lung were elevated by (89.35% and 149.21%), (74.91% and 68.35%), (56.76% and 114.77%), and (204.91% and 274.62%) respectively. The extract of R. vomitoria was found to be rich in phenolic content and was proved to have no toxic effects on rats when administered alone to normal rats at a dose level of 200mg/kg/day. The results obtained in this study demonstrated the antioxidant and lipid-lowering effects of R. vomitoria and, suggests that the plant could serve as a new potential natural product for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
This study was carried out to compare the in-vitro antioxidant potentials, antidiabetic and phytochemical constituents of methanolic leaf extracts of Anthocleista djalonensis, Chrysophyllum albidium, Bauhinia thonningii, Daniellia oliveri, and Cola nitida. The results of this study show that all the plant extracts have strong antioxidant potentials against various radicals. The extracts scavenged DPPH and ABTS radicals, in a concentration-dependent manner and scavenged nitric oxide radicals with IC50 values of 152.39, 186.36, 213.40, 303.58 and 355.53 µg/ml for C. albidium, D. oliveri, C. nitida, A. djalonensis and B. thonningii, respectively. All the extracts also inhibited the induction of lipid peroxidation and α-amylase activity in a concentration-dependent manner, while the degree of ferric reducing power by the extracts was of the order C. albidium > D. oliveri > B. thonningii > C. nitida > A. djalonensis. Phytochemical and gas chromatography analyses carried out on the extracts revealed the presence of known chemical constituents. The amounts of total phenolics in A. djalonensis, C. albidium, B. thonningii, D. oliveri, and C. nitida were 68.39 mg/g, 95.11 mg/g, 61.03 mg/g, 103.74 mg/g, and 63.31 mg/g, respectively, in gallic acid equivalents. In all cell-free assays, C. albidium and D. oliveri, the two plants with higher amounts of phenolic compounds, were found to be more effective as antioxidants than other plant extracts with lower phenolic contents under the same experimental conditions. Therefore, the effectiveness of the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of these plant extracts may be related to their phenolic content. The presence of phenolics and various antioxidant compounds in the plants may explain the strong pharmacological potentials of these plants.
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