Three-week-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were vaccinated with either a commercial modified live virus fowl pox vaccine or five "variant" poxvirus field isolates. Immunity engendered by the commercial modified vaccine or field isolates was challenged with either the variant isolates or commercial modified vaccine virus. The commercial modified vaccine did not adequately protect vaccinates against challenge with the variant isolates. The percentages of vaccinated chickens protected following challenge with each of the variant isolates were 70%, 20%, 30%, 20%, and 25%. However, when the isolates were applied as vaccines, 100% of the vaccinates were protected against challenge from the modified vaccine virus. Furthermore, the variant poxvirus isolates offered excellent protection from challenge with homologous variant isolates. The modified live virus vaccine was expected to offer significant protection against challenge from the variant pox isolates, but in this experiment it did not. The variant isolates tested may be good vaccine candidates to prevent the vaccine breaks currently encountered in previously pox-vaccinated flocks.
1977, 1979 and 1983. It was observed that the lag period, from 1977 to 1983, when MD incidence remained low reflected the effect of the widespread application of MD vaccines in the advanced poultry producing countries which supplied the bulk of the Nigerian poultry. The importance of diagnostic surveillance of MD is discussed.
Dual infection with fowl pox (FP) and infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) was diagnosed as the cause of acute mortality in a flock of three age groups of Hy-Line leghorn layers. The affected chickens had not been previously vaccinated against either FP or ILT. The diagnosis was confirmed by virus isolation, histopathology, and the use of specific pox and ILT genomic DNA probes in a dot-blot hybridization assay. FP and ILT vaccinations were recommended to control mortality. The use of FP- and ILT-specific DNA dot-blot hybridization may be used as a routine diagnostic tool to differentiate between the two diseases, especially in atypical cases of either infection or to confirm the existence of the two diseases as a mixed infection in a flock of chickens.
Groups of 3-week-old specific pathogen-free chickens immunized with a commercial live-virus quail pox vaccine (Bio-Pox Q) were not protected against challenge with "variant" poxviruses isolated from chickens that were previously vaccinated with commercial fowl pox vaccine. The percentages of vaccinated chickens resistant to challenge with each of the five variant field isolates were 0%, 20%, 0%, 20%, and 10%, respectively. However, when immunity engendered by the variant field isolates was challenged with the commercial quail pox vaccine virus, 80%, 70%, 80%, 50%, and 60% of the vaccinates, respectively, were protected. Results from cross-immunity studies indicate that the commercial quail pox vaccine does share some immunologic relationship with these variant poxvirus field isolates, but not enough to be used in the control of some outbreaks of pox caused by variant poxviruses.
SummaryA survey of gastro‐intestinal helminth parasites of grey‐breasted helmet guinea fowl (Numida meleagridis galeata Pallas) was carried out between April and September 1979. Faecal samples were collected and examined for helminth eggs and/or oocysts. Heterakis sp., Capillaria sp., Dispharynx (Acuria) sp., Prosto‐gonimus sp., Hymenolepsis sp. and oocysts of Eimeria sp. were identified from guinea fowl. Heterakis sp. were the most prevalent. Mixed infections occurred in 73.8% of the infected birds. A point prevalence rate of 67.4% was recorded with varying degrees of clinical infection. The potentials of the grey‐breasted helmet guinea fowl acting as a disseminator of these parasites to chickens or vice‐versa is highlighted and the need for pre‐market treatment as a means of improving the survival rate and market value of this game bird is recommended.RÉSUMEÉOn a entrepris entre avril et Septembre 1979 un contrǒle des helminthes gastrointestinaux parasites de la pintade commune (Numida meleagridis galeata, Pallas). Des échantillons de déjections furent collectés et examinés pour trouver des oeufs et/ou des oocystes. On a identifié chez la pintade: Heterakis sp., Capillaria sp., Dispharynx sp., Prostogonimus sp., Hymenolepsis sp., et des oocystes de Eimeria sp. I1 y a une nette prévalence de Heterakis sp. On a trouvé des infections mixtes chez 73.8% des oiseaux parasités. On a relevé un taux de prévalence de 67.4% associéà divers degrés d'infection clinique. Le rǒ1e potentiel de cette pintade comme vecteur de parasites vers les poussins et vice‐versa est mis en évidence; la nécessité d'un traitement des animaux avant de les mettre sur le marché est recommendé comme moyen d'améliorer leur survie et leur valeur marchande.
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