This is the published version of a paper published in Demography. Citation for the original published paper (version of record):Strömgren, M., Tammaru, T., Danzer, A., van Ham, M., Marcińczak, S. et al. (2014) Factors shaping workplace segregation between natives and immigrants. Abstract Research on segregation of immigrant groups is increasingly turning its attention from residential areas toward other important places, such as the workplace, where immigrants can meet and interact with members of the native population. This article examines workplace segregation of immigrants. We use longitudinal, georeferenced Swedish population register data, which enables us to observe all Demography (2014) We compare estimates from ordinary least squares with fixed-effects regressions to quantify the extent of immigrants' self-selection into specific workplaces, neighborhoods, and partnerships, which may bias more naïve ordinary least squares results. In line with previous research, we find lower levels of workplace segregation than residential segregation. The main finding is that low levels of residential segregation reduce workplace segregation, even after we take into account intermarriage with natives as well as unobserved characteristics of immigrants' such as willingness and ability to integrate into the host society. Being intermarried with a native reduces workplace segregation for immigrant men but not for immigrant women.

ABSTRACT. In recent decades, the share of traditional nuclear‐family households has decreased in most Western countries, resulting in an increase in the proportion of children living in other forms of household constellations. How children with an absent parent or vice versa arrange their life and relations is partly a matter of physical distance between them. The aim of the study is to analyse the geographical distance between children and absent parents, that is, parents living in another household. The study is a cross‐sectional study based on register data comprising all children in Sweden in 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005. Using descriptive statistics and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis, we examine the development and determinants of the distance between children and absent parents. OLS regression is employed in order to clarify how the distance relates to the age of the child, as well as demographic and socio‐economic characteristics of the present and absent parents. The results show that while the share of children living with only one parent has increased over time, the average distance between children and absent parents has decreased. The distance between children and absent parents is strongly related to the sex of the absent parent and the age of the child. Absent mothers tend to live closer to their children compared with absent fathers, and the younger the children are, the shorter the distance to the absent parents. Among other factors that influence the distance are remarriage and having a child with another parent, both of which contribute to increasing distances between children and absent parents.

Between protocol and reality: Swedish municipal comprehensive planning. Spatial planning using a landscape approach has been recognized as being essential for reconciling ecological, cultural and socioeconomic dimensions in sustainable development (SuD). Although embraced as a concept, there is a lack of planning tools capable of incorporating multi-level, multifunctional and multi-sectoral perspectives, especially in a rural context. The departure point in this paper is the legal requirements for municipal comprehensive planning (MCP) in Sweden and an e-mail survey about incentives, stakeholder involvement, policy integration and implementation in MCP in all 15 Swedish mountain municipalities. The purpose of this explorative study is to examine whether MCP could be a tool in planning for SuD. Results indicate a general lack of resources and a low status of MCP that affect, and even limit, stakeholder involvement, policy integration and implementation. However, legal requirements for MCP are targeted at SuD, and municipal personnel responsible for planning appreciate the potential of MCP. Therefore, there is potential to develop the MCP into an effective landscape planning tool. To accomplish this, the status of an active planning process has to be raised, the mandate of the local planning agency has to be secured, and residents and land users have to be involved throughout the planning process. European Planning StudiesARTICLE HISTORY

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IntroductionNewly arrived immigrants earn on average less than do natives with comparable human capital and work experience (Chiswick, 1978). The initial earnings gap has widened considerably for more recent immigrant cohorts (Frenette and Morissette, 2005), and there are a number of important factors behind this initial wage penalty. Some scholars argue that different mechanisms of exclusion (like stereotypical thinkings, ethnically segregated networks, and institutional setup) discriminate against immigrants on the labour market (Becker, 1957;Rydgren, 2004). Others emphasise that the value of education and previous experiences is less for immigrants since they lack the key resources for being competitive on the labour market, notably language skills and knowledge about country-specific norms and attitudes (Hayfron, 2001;Reitz, 2001). This is especially the case when they originate from countries far away (Buzdugan and Halli, 2009). However, as immigrants become more familiar with the language, customs, and operation of the host country's labour market, the earnings gap between them and natives gradually decreases (Chiswick, 1978;Chiswick et al, 2005). In other words, immigrants start to accumulate country-specific tacit knowledge as they establish themselves in the new society.If this is a well-founded proposition, we expect immigrants who have established contact with natives and interacted with them in their everyday livesöthat is, have had a high degree of exposure to the native population (Massey and Denton, 1988)öto be more successful on the labour market compared with those who have remained in minority-dense settings. Most previous studies focus on the effects of residential segregation on labour-market outcomes, motivated by the high degree of spatial clustering of immigrants into ethnic neighbourhoods (