Cultivation by replacing soil media with charcoal or other media, known as the hydroponic method, is now very popular. This hydroponic cultivation method then developed further into an aeroponic one, namely the cultivation of plants in the air without using any soil at all. This method aims to use water optimally, maximize the use of space, and reduce the human resources involved in its management because it is equipped with automatic control equipment. However, aeroponic cultivation techniques are very dependent on electric power, so if the power source is cut off, the system cannot work. Similarly, in the process of plant care. Control devices must be properly arranged in such a way as to ensure the plant gets nutrients from the roots so that the growth process can occur properly. This study aims to provide solutions to overcome the problems experienced by plant cultivators with this aeroponic system. The proposed solution is to create a nutrient film technique (NFT) on a solar-powered control device to spray nutrient solution on the plant roots on a regular basis. This controller device was developed using ESP32 so that the device can work automatically and can still be monitored by factory managers from anywhere and anytime by utilizing internet of things technology. This module utilizes temperature sensors, proximity sensors, and water quality sensors to support the automation of aeroponic plant cultivation. Based on the test results, it was found that each sensor works well with a small error: the temperature sensor has a reading accuracy rate of 96.54%, the proximity sensor is 97.2%, and the nutrition sensor is 96.8%. Based on the permissible error standard, which is a maximum of 5%, the performance of this aeroponic cultivation control device deserves to be in the proper category.
The development of internet of things (IoT) technology currently provides convenience for humans both in industrial activities, offices, and agricultural households, as well as in other fields. As is known today, the density of people's activities and the high level of congestion have caused electrical equipment to often be forgotten turned off and left unattended. This can result in wasteful use of electrical energy, additional costs for electricity bills, and the possibility of a fire disaster. So that IoT technology is very appropriate to be the solution. The use of IoT in the control and supervision of electrical equipment is known as a smart home system (SHS). The SHS module itself is already available in the market, but not many people can afford it because the price is quite expensive. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an SHS module with a lower cost but with functions and performance that support the control and supervision of electrical equipment so that the public can ensure that their electrical equipment does not operate unnecessarily. This study proposes a low-cost SHS configuration so that more people can use it. The proposed SHS module uses ESP32 and the Telegram bot. The results of testing with the black boss method are known that this module is very feasible based on the function and performance of the telegram bot as a user interface (UI). Price comparisons have also been made and it is known that the production cost of the SHS module with ESP32 and Telegram bots is Rp. 355,000. If sold for an additional 50% profit, the proposed SHS module is Rp 98,000.00 cheaper than the smart bulb and smart plug combinations on the market for 5 lamps and 5 controlled sockets. The results of this test provide an opportunity for more people to be able to use the SHS facility in monitoring and control their electrical equipment.
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