Meiosis is a cellular differentiation process in which hundreds of genes are temporally induced. Because the expression of meiotic genes during mitosis is detrimental to proliferation, meiotic genes must be negatively regulated in the mitotic cell cycle. Yet, little is known about mechanisms used by mitotic cells to repress meiosis-specific genes. Here we show that the poly(A)-binding protein Pab2, the fission yeast homolog of mammalian PABPN1, controls the expression of several meiotic transcripts during mitotic division. Our results from chromatin immunoprecipitation and promoter-swapping experiments indicate that Pab2 controls meiotic genes post-transcriptionally. Consistently, we show that the nuclear exosome complex cooperates with Pab2 in the negative regulation of meiotic genes. We also found that Pab2 plays a role in the RNA decay pathway orchestrated by Mmi1, a previously described factor that functions in the post-transcriptional elimination of meiotic transcripts. Our results support a model in which Mmi1 selectively targets meiotic transcripts for degradation via Pab2 and the exosome. Our findings have therefore uncovered a mode of gene regulation whereby a poly(A)-binding protein promotes RNA degradation in the nucleus to prevent untimely expression.Meiosis is a key differentiation process essential for the generation of genetically distinct individuals. During yeast meiosis, two cells of opposite mating types fuse and conjugate their DNA to form a diploid cell. This diploid cell undergoes DNA replication followed by two rounds of cell division to produce four haploid cells. Although many of the activities used to achieve cell division are common to both meiosis and mitosis, there are several features unique to meiosis. Importantly, the meiotic and mitotic cell cycles are mutually exclusive, and genes required for meiotic differentiation are solely expressed during meiosis. Such negative control of meiotic genes during mitosis suggests important regulatory systems to avoid inappropriate activation of meiosis. To date, however, the molecular mechanisms by which meiotic differentiation genes are suppressed during the mitotic cell cycle remain poorly understood.In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, meiotic differentiation involves the temporal activation of hundreds of genes (1). Although previous studies have established the importance of transcriptional regulation during fission yeast meiosis (1, 2), recent results implicate post-transcriptional mechanisms of gene regulation, including pre-mRNA splicing and mRNA degradation. Accordingly, several meiotic genes are specifically spliced during meiosis, but remain unspliced during the mitotic cell cycle (3, 4). Selective mRNA turnover is another mechanism used by fission yeast to ensure the absence of meiosis-specific transcripts during the mitotic cell cycle. The rapid elimination of specific meiotic transcripts in mitotic cells requires the YTH-family RNA-binding protein, Mmi1 (5). Mmi1 promotes the destruction of specific meiotic transcripts...

T he addition of a 3' poly(A) tail is a pre-requisite for the maturation of the majority of eukaryotic transcripts. In most eukaryotic species, RNA poly(A) tails are bound by two important poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs): PABPC1 and PABPN1 that localize to the cytoplasm and the nucleus, respectively. Such steady state localization for PABPN1 and PABPC1 led to a model whereby PABPN1-bound nuclear mRNAs are remodeled during or after nuclear export so that PABPN1 is replaced by PABPC1 to allow robust cap-dependent translation in the cytoplasm. Here we discuss evidence that challenge the view in which PABPN1 and PABPC1 function solely in the nucleus and cytoplasm, respectively. We discuss accumulating evidence that support nuclear roles for PABPC1 in mRNA biogenesis as well as cytoplasmic roles for PABPN1 in translational control. Because 3' poly(A) tails can also act as a degradation mark via the exosome complex of 3'-5' exonucleases, we also discuss recent results that involve the nuclear PABP in posttranscriptional gene regulation.