No abstract

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare vesical and renal calcium oxalate crystalluria in an attempt to correlate crystal formation with chemical composition and calcium oxalate saturation of renal urine. Material and Methods: Urine specimens were directly collected from the bladder and the kidney, of 11 stone formers and 11 control subjects under general anesthesia. The type of crystals present in urine as well as their size, number by cubic millimeter and state of aggregation were determined. In addition, calcium, magnesium, sodium, chloride, phosphate, citrate, oxalate, pyrophosphate and uric acid were measured in order to evaluate the calcium saturation status (EQUIL V program). Results: Calcium oxalate crystals were detected in 3 stone formers (27%) and 2 control subjects (18%) in vesical urine and in 4 stone formers (36%) and 3 control subjects (27%) in renal urine. Only 2 stone formers presented with simultaneous renal and vesical crystalluria. Subjects of the two groups with and without renal crystalluria were compared in terms of chemical composition and calcium oxalate saturation of renal urine. Crystalluric subjects (n = 7) had significantly higher uricosuria (p = 0.02), calciuria (p = 0.04), magnesiuria (p = 0.04) and calcium oxalate molar product (p = 0.05) than noncrystalluric (n = 15); calcium oxalate saturation was similar (p = 0.5). Conclusions: Beyond theorical considerations on lithogenesis, our observations and in particular the apparent discrepancy between renal and vesical crystalluria pose the problem of the clinical interest of the evaluation of calcium oxalate crystalluria based on freshly voided urine in the assessing the lithogenic risk or in the follow-up of patients who are particularly prone to stone recurrence.

We recommend high frequency for piezoelectric SWL of lower ureteral calculi, especially for stones with a maximum diameter > or =8 mm. On the other hand, low-frequency SWL appears to be suitable for the treatment of upper ureteral stones.

In situ piezoelectric ESWL with the EDAP LT 02 device is a convenient and efficient method for the treatment of ureteric stones.

Epidemiological studies have suggested that prostatitis may increase the risk of prostate cancer due to chronic inflammation. We studied the association between several genitourinary infections and the risk of prostate cancer based on data from the EPICAP study. EPICAP is a population-based case-control study conducted in the département of Hérault, France, between 2012 and 2014. A total of 819 incident cases and 879 controls have been face to face interviewed using a standardized questionnaire gathering information on known or suspected risk factors of prostate cancer, and personal history of genitourinary infections: prostatitis, urethritis, orchi-epididymitis, and acute pyelonephritis. Odds Ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence interval were estimated using multivariate unconditional logistic regression. Overall, 139 (18%) cases and 98 (12%) controls reported having at least one personal history of genitourinary infections (OR = 1.64 [1.23-2.20]). The risk increased with the number of infections (p-trend < 0.05). The association was specifically observed with personal history of chronic prostatitis and acute pyelonephritis (OR = 2.95 [1.26-6.92] and OR = 2.66 [1.29-5.51], respectively) and in men who did not use any non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (OR = 2.00 [1.37-2.91]). Our results reinforce the hypothesis that chronic inflammation, generated by a personal history of genitourinary infections, may play a role in prostate carcinogenesis.