This article focuses on eight contemporary Chinese ink artists who paint scholars’ rocks. Their interpretations of the rock demonstrate the diversity of their perspectives and talents. Although each artist has his or her unique interpretation of the rock, they are united in their desire to revitalize ink painting and its associated literati tradition. This article will first present a brief introduction of the history of collecting and painting rocks in literati culture. This will be followed by discussions of the work of each of the artists in question. It shall be argued that while these artists use the rock – a traditional object of scholarly contemplation – and brush and ink as their main point of reference, they are actively engaged in bringing their work into the present. The work of these artists demonstrates that image and technical skills do not need to be entirely novel to be contemporary.
Purpose: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a marker of inflammation that has been investigated as a prognostic factor in many diseases. We hypothesized that NLR would be lower in patients undergoing minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy (MIDP). Methods: Using a prospective database, we identified patients who underwent open or minimally invasive (laparoscopic/robotic) distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy from 2006 to 2018. Patients were grouped according to their type of surgery and matched by age, gender, and benign or malignant pathology. The NLR was calculated from a complete blood count with differential on the second postoperative day. Statistical calculations were performed in Stata (v13.0). Results: A total of 106 patients were included, with 53 MIDP and 53 open cases. MIDP was associated with a significantly lower postoperative NLR than open surgery (13.3 vs. 17.2, p = 0.01). NLR did not vary significantly between patients who developed complications and those who did not (15.4 vs. 15.3, p = 0.95). Patients undergoing MIDP had decreased length of postoperative hospital stay (4 days vs. 5 days, p = 0.003). Multivariable linear regression failed to find a significant decrease in NLR with the use of laparoscopy ( p = 0.14) when accounting for age, body mass index, surgical blood loss, pathology, and operative time as covariates.
Conclusion:The NLR is significantly decreased when performing MIDP versus open distal pancreatectomy, but correlation with clinical outcomes has yet to be proven.
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