Plastic litter had become world major concerned since 2015 and Indonesia had been placed as the second contributor after China. Around 200,000 metric tons of plastic wastes discharged from Indonesia rivers mainly from Java and Sumatra Islands every year. This surge of waste then become a serious threat to ocean and coastal ecosystem, as well as marine biota conservation in Indonesia. Therefore, it is very important to study the seasonal pattern of marine debris and monitor the dispersion within Indonesian water in near real time. By year 2020, an initiative action has been taken by The Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of Indonesia. More than 20 drifters were released on 3 selected rivers’ mouth in Indonesia namely Cisadane, Bengawan Solo and Musi. Results indicated that marine debris are drifted away, influenced by wind and current from time to time. The simulation will forecast the time and location where the marine debris expected to traverse and stranded in each season. This information will be ve ry important to provide the baseline information of marine debris movement, locally and even beyond of Indonesian. Also, it will improve the mitigation, better coordinative action plan and encouraging further marine debris research in Indonesia.
<p><span xml:lang="EN-GB" data-contrast="auto"><span>The Indonesian archipelago is rated globally the second contributor to marine plastic litter pollution. This has driven the government in recent years to step up its efforts to combat plastic pollution, on land, in rivers and in the ocean. Indeed, although most of the plastic is disposed on land, lack of a systematic collection and processing network means that it often ends up rivers and ultimately into the seas. Heavy precipitation events during the Monsoon season exacerbate the problem by transporting massive amounts of plastic into rivers and hence into the coastal seas. Amongst the more recent initiative to combat the plastic litter issue,&#160;</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-GB" data-contrast="auto"><span>and&#160;</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-GB" data-contrast="auto"><span>with funding from&#160;</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-GB" data-contrast="auto"><span>the World Bank</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-GB" data-contrast="auto"><span>,&#160;</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-GB" data-contrast="auto"><span>the&#160;</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-GB" data-contrast="auto"><span>government</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-GB" data-contrast="auto"><span>&#160;of I</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-GB" data-contrast="auto"><span>ndonesia has set up a&#160;</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-GB" data-contrast="auto"><span>program</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-GB" data-contrast="auto"><span>&#160;</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-GB" data-contrast="auto"><span>to track the movement of plastic through a hybrid observation & model approach and to determine the location of accumulation areas if any. The project deployed and tracked number of</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-GB" data-contrast="auto"><span>&#160;</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-GB" data-contrast="auto"><span>20&#160;</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-GB" data-contrast="auto"><span>Argos drifters over a year and set up a series of drift model simulation. As the project focuses on macro plastic,&#160;</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-GB" data-contrast="auto"><span>several types of macro-waste drifts have been modelized depending on their buoyancy</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-GB" data-contrast="auto"><span>&#160;</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-GB" data-contrast="auto"><span>b</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-GB" data-contrast="auto"><span>y varying wind coefficient</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-GB" data-contrast="auto"><span>. Three river mouths were studied,&#160;</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-GB" data-contrast="auto"><span>located downstream from major populated areas.&#160;</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-GB" data-contrast="auto"><span>Results</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-GB" data-contrast="auto"><span>&#160;show that the dispersion and trajectory of particles vary depending on the source river, time of the year and&#160;</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-GB" data-contrast="auto"><span>meteoceanic</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-GB" data-contrast="auto"><span>&#160;conditions. For each river, accumulation areas were identified, concentring 38% to 90% of particles and all located on shore.&#160;</span></span><span>&#160;</span></p>
Résumé :Les dépôts (feuilles mortes, pelotes…) de Posidonia oceanica qui s'échouent sur les plages, formant ainsi des « banquettes » le long du trait de côte, participent à la construction de l'écosystème plage-dune. Pourtant, de nombreuses collectivités littorales optent pour leur retrait. Celui-ci a lieu en amont de la saison estivale, afin de garantir l'attrait esthétique des plages et optimiser la fréquentation touristique. Le Projet POSBEMED, financé par le programme Interreg-Med, s'intègre dans une volonté de gestion durable des banquettes de posidonie sur l'ensemble du bassin nordméditerranéen. Un travail de terrain a été mené auprès des usagers de la plage afin de comprendre les perceptions, les attentes ainsi que les niveaux de sensibilisation liés au phénomène « banquettes de posidonie ». La gestion des banquettes reflète cependant la contradiction entre les enjeux touristiques des communes et opérateurs privés, et une règlementation stricte du traitement de la posidonie ainsi que son rôle indéniable pour la conservation des plages. Cet article propose une vue synoptique de cette problématique, s'appuyant sur 200 questionnaires effectués sur l'ensemble du littoral de la région PACA ainsi que sur une cartographie des banquettes et un état des lieux des méthodes de gestion actuelles.
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