Adsorption of chitosan nanoparticles with embedded iodine was implemented onto pristine and oxidized cellulose viscose fabrics in order to introduce antimicrobial and antioxidative functionalization. The adsorption capacity, charging behavior and electrokinetic response of differently functionalized viscose at different pH values were analyzed by determining their zeta potential. Desorption studies, besides zeta potential measurements, were supported by polyelectrolyte titration. Finally, the antimicrobial properties were evaluated by the standard ASTM E2149 method, whilst antioxidative properties were determined by 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical cation decolorization assay. It was found that the oxidation of viscose fabrics further modified by chitosan–iodine nanoparticles dispersion was a very promising functionalization process, providing good coating stability along with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.
Presently polycarboxylic acids are being used for cellulose crosslinking. Among these, 1,2,3,4-buthanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) is the most effective in combination with a corresponding catalyst. In this research, a comparison of crosslinking effects on mercerized cotton fibers and viscose was identified using certain physical— chemical methods. The extent of crosslinking was evaluated using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The crosslinking of cellulose increases wrinkle resistance and reduces the mechanical properties, therefore, for this purpose the wrinkle recovery angle and the breaking force, was evaluated together with breaking elongation. When considering the crosslinking mechanism, those additional free BTCA carboxyl groups that are accessible in the cellulose polymer reflect the effectiveness of cotton-fiber crosslinking. The evaluation of accessible carboxyl was performed using the methylene blue method, where the adsorption of methylene blue dye on the cellulose material was monitored spectroscopically. The purpose of this research is mainly (i) to evaluate how different types of cellulose matrices/substrates influence the crosslinking of fibers crosslinked with different mass fractions of BTCA and (ii) to establish the most appropriate mass fraction of BTCA in the impregnation bath for sufficient crosslinking of mercerized cotton fibers, as well as viscose.
In this research, the influence of the alkaline modification of cotton cellulose on the crosslinking with 1, 2, 3, 4 buthanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) is investigated. In order to anticipate changes after alkaline modification the crystallinity change was evaluated using wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), iodine adsorption measurements, and the Knecht method. Tensiometry, the methylene blue method, and the streaming potential method enable hydrophilic/hydrophobic character estimation, carboxyl group content determination, evaluation of dissociation/sorption fiber characteristics, as well as electrokinetic properties characterization. All these parameters define the changes at the accessible polymer surfaces and therefore reflect the relationship between the changed crystallinity and the incorporation of the BTCA molecules into accessible regions of cotton cellulose. It has been concluded that the crystallinity degree characterizes crosslinking effectiveness of cotton cellulose crosslinked with BTCA. Mercerized materials show after crosslinking higher contact angles and retain a higher number of carboxyl groups. Electrokinetic properties are in correlation with carboxyl group amount. It has been confirmed that the physical—chemical methods which were used in this research are suitable methods for the crosslinking efficiency evaluation.
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