The Grid paradigm implies the sharing of a variety of resources across multiple administrative domains. In order to execute a work-flow using these distributed resources an instrument is needed to co-allocate resources by reaching agreements with the different local scheduling systems involved. Apart from compute resources to execute the work-flow the co-ordinated usage of other resource types must be also guaranteed, as there are for example a network connectivity with dedicated QoS parameters or a visualisation device. We present a Web Service-based MetaScheduling Service which allows to negotiate a common time slot with local resource management systems to enable the execution of a distributed work-flow. The successful negotiation process results in a formal agreement based on the WS-Agreement recommendation that is currently specified by the GRAAP working group of the Global Grid Forum. As a use case we demonstrate the integration of this MetaScheduling Service into the UNICORE middleware. a next step we characterise the functionality of the MetaScheduling Service (Section 3), followed by a description of the current implementation. Then, in Section 5, we present the integration of the scheduling system into the UNICORE Grid middleware [1]. The performance of the the whole system is evaluated in Section 6, and the last section contains conclusions and an outlook to future work.
Co-ordinated usage of resources in a Grid environment is a challenging task impeded by the nature of resource usage and provision: Resources reside in different geographic locations, are managed by different organisations, and the provision of reliable access to these resource usually has to be negotiated and agreed upon in advance. These prerequisites have to be taken into account providing solutions for the orchestration of Grid resources. In this document we describe the use of WS-Agreement for Service Level Agreements paving the way for using multiple distributed resources to satisfy a single service request. WS-Agreement is about to be released as a draft recommendation of the Global Grid Forum and has already been implemented in a number of projects, two of which we will presented in this paper.
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Abstract. Current Cloud environments are offered to their customers in a best effort approach. Instead of guarantees a statistical uptime expectation is communicated to the user with minimal compensations in case of unexpected downtime. In contrast, a service provider intending e.g. to extend his own resources dynamically with Cloud resources in case of peak demands of his customers needs a reliable Service Level Agreement with the Cloud infrastructure provider. This Service Level Agreement must cover aspects like cost, security, legal requirements for data-placement, eco-efficiency and more. The European project OPTI-MIS is focussing on optimisation of cloud infrastructure services meeting demands from service providers, e.g. when public and private Clouds are federated in different configurations. This paper describes the approach of OPTIMIS for negotiating and creating Service Level Agreements between infrastructure providers and service providers.
Service Level Agreements are used to establish agreements on the quality of a service between a service provider and a service consumer. The roles of service provider and service consumer may be realised in different shapes ranging from individuals to institutions, software agents or other systems acting on behalf of physical entities or steered by those. This paper gives an overview of state-of-the-art Grid software using Service Level Agreements in the domain of scheduling and resource management. We provide an introduction to the different areas where Service Level Agreements are used in Grid environments, the technologies used, and what should be accomplished followed by descriptions of the systems that already implement and use Service Level Agreements.
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