Pretrial detention makes up the majority of jail admissions, but little is known about this high-volume population. The current study fills this gap by examining the pretrial detention population in New York City and assesses their pretrial readmissions over a 10-year follow-up period. While the number of individuals detained pretrial has consistently decreased since 1995, the prevalence and the frequency of pretrial readmissions remain high: About 60% of the sample was readmitted at least once within 10 years and they were readmitted on average 3 times. A negative binomial model predicting readmission counts for felony and misdemeanor admissions found that males, non-Hispanic Blacks, and younger individuals were more frequently readmitted pretrial. Self-reported drug use and prior criminal records were associated with higher readmission counts. We also found that charge and discharge types predicted readmission counts. Findings suggest the importance of earlier intervention and developing targeted strategies to reduce further readmissions.
Past research has highlighted a number of case- and court-level characteristics that may be associated with differences in case processing time, yet other factors remain relatively unexplored. Drawing on an extensive case-level data set of misdemeanor and felony cases resolved in New York City’s court system, the current study contributes to our knowledge of case processing time by examining the association between the relative volume of arraignments (at the borough level) and case processing time. The analysis employs standard regression techniques to assess the relationship between case volume and case processing time while controlling for a number of individual- and case-level characteristics. Results suggest the relative volume of cases coming into the court system is positively associated with case processing time, net of several relevant case-level characteristics. These findings contribute to the small and inconsistent findings reported in prior work. Implications of these findings for future research and criminal justice policy are discussed.
AimIn the current study, it was aimed to investigate the correlation between the caregivers of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BD) patients in terms of burden, depression, anxiety and hopelessness.MethodBetween March and July 2011, 75 schizophrenia and 50 euthymic BD patients' primary caregivers at the outpatient clinic in Bakırköy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery participated in this study. Informed consent was obtained from all patients and their caregivers. Sociodemographic data form, PANSS, Beck Depression Scale, Young Mania Scale were applied to the patients. Sociodemographic data form, Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale, Beck Depression Scale, Beck Anxiety Scale and Beck Hopelessness Scale were given to the primary caregivers.ResultsThe burden level is found to be severe in the schizophrenia and BD patients’ caregivers. Seventy-two percent of schizophrenia patients’ caregivers and 62% of the bipolar disorder patients’ caregivers had depressive symptoms. The anxiety levels of the caregivers of the bipolar disorder patients were found to be significantly higher than that of the schizophrenia patients’ caregivers (p< 0.05). We found a positive correlation between the scores of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale in the caregivers of the schizophrenia patients and PANSS positive, negative, and general psychopathology scores in schizophrenic patients (p< 0.05). There was found a positive correlation between the depression levels of BD patients and their caregivers’ burden scores (p< 0.05).ConclusionHigh level of burden in both groups’ caregivers was found. Therefore, this situation can be making it difficult to cope with these diseases.
The aim of the present study was to assess anger expression and impulsivity in conversion disorder patients with and without comorbid depression. Fifty-eight patients had been diagnosed with conversion disorder, according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV). All patients were evaluated with SCID-I. Fiftyseven age- and sex-matched healthy controls were evaluated with a Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-I/NP). Conversion disorder patients were subdivided into those with (n=26) and without (n = 32) depression. A sociodemographic data form, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, The State Trait Anger Scale and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 were administered. There was found significant differences between conversion disorder patients and controls in trait anger (p< 0.01), internalized anger (p< 0.01), externalized anger (p< 0.05) and anger control (p< 0.05). All patients had more attentional impulsivity (p< 0.01), impulsive non-planning (p< 0.01) in terms of impulsivity, and higher scores on the BIS-11 (p< 0.01) than controls. No significant differences were found between conversion disorder patients with and without depression in anger expression except anger control (p< 0.05). As a conclusion, conversion disorder patients are similar to depression patients in terms of anger experience and impulsive characteristics, but different with regards to anger control and motor impulsivity.
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