Paper contains the analysis of project approach for managing business in agriculture in Ukraine, key advantages of the use of Project management tools when implementing investment projects in agriculture are presented. Perspectives of usage of Project management for state programs in agriculture are outlined.
Introduction. Labor potential constitutes an integral, important part of the potential of the company, being an attribute parameter, which predetermines the competitive success of the company either by accelerating it or leading to a complete failure in case of poor management. Purpose. to redefine the definition and role of the labor potential in the company, their characteristics, and the main principles of development. Clarify the most essential characteristics of the employees, who are the key elements of labor potential for the employer, and preferences of the management to different methods of treating them in case of poor performance. Results. Major characteristics of the labor potential were outlined. According to the survey provided at SMEs in Ukraine, employers put higher rank to professional skills, experience in the company, loyalty and dedication, prior experience in the sphere, qualifications obtained through formal education, ability to work in a team and cooperate. Less importance was assigned to psychological traits, temper, physical characteristics, health, physical strength, and marital status, family, moral principles. In the case of poor performance, 16% of the managers declared their desire to fire the worker but the real rate of termination of the employment amounted to 31.6% in 2018. Conclusions. Labor potential of the enterprise is a critical element of the company's potential due to the unique role in the economic activity, it can easily facilitate the increase of profit or otherwise lead a company to bankruptcy. It depends on a range of objective and subjective factors which include personal characteristics of the workers and their ability to cooperate and are strongly connected with material and information supply. Many of the components can be enhanced without the change of personnel composition through the training and self-improvement. But this will only happen if the company follows the correct principles and set distinct goals. Nevertheless, in the case of poor performance managers will consider layoffs with subsequent recruitment as a possible option with more than 30% of employees being fired during the year on average. Employee retention should be considered as strategic imperative and resources should be allocated for that.
With the progress of science and technology, the global economy has gradually shown a trend of integration. Through the last 50 years China has maintained a relatively rapid economic development rate. It is actively participating in the global economic and trade exchange and occupies a pivotal position. In all countries, foreign trade is indispensable in their economies. China also has a long history of agricultural development. The national Chinese economy has moved from the capital intensive and heavy industry-oriented development strategy towards labor-intensive products and was guided by the comparative advantage development strategy. This transformation enabled China to better use of their comparative advantage, and greatly stimulated during the past 30 years of trade and economic growth which helped to achieve remarkable economic development. Main purpose of the article is to reconsider the position and perspectives of China in the global trade of agricultural products, specify industries with the strongest revealed comparative advantage for different agriproducts, outline major strategies for agricultural exportation growth. However, from the perspective of the generation mechanism of the comparative advantage trap, it is still of great significance for China to export labor-intensive products utilizing their comparative advantage. Therefore, on the one hand, China should continue to strengthen the existing comparative advantage; on the other hand, there is a necessity to speed up the introduction of new comparative advantage, so as to relocate the country’s potential quickly from comparative advantage to competitive advantage. The results show that the overall export competitiveness of China's agricultural products is relatively weak and still needs to be further improved. China should adopt measures such as adjusting the structure of the agricultural industry, increasing the added value of agricultural products, enhancing brand effects, and actively developing emerging markets to further enhance the export competitiveness of China’s agricultural products.
Abstract. With the development of economic globalization, people’s lives have undergone earth-shaking changes. The so-called economic globalization refers to the continuous development of production, accelerating technological progress, and the continuing improvement of the socialization and internationalization of production. The business activities of countries and regions in the world are increasingly beyond the scope of a country and region accompanied by the integration process of connection and interdependence. E-commerce is a small development that offered a brand-new transaction method that uses an electronic paperless method for operations. With the continuous development of information technology and the increasing prosperity of global economic activities, e-commerce has played a vital role in the national economy. Purpose. The main stages of e-commerce development in the world and China are summarized in this article together with the positive and negative effects of globalization on e-commerce. Under the influence of globalization, e-commerce has different characteristics and orientations. This article mainly focuses on the pros and cons of e-commerce, the general stages of its development in the world, and China, directions, and conditions for upcoming growth. Results. For e-commerce, now is the time for vigorous development. Therefore, it is necessary to improve and develop some national strategies for electronic trading methods. The future development of e-commerce depends on strategy and the legal system. First, we need to accelerate the construction of information networks, seek quality and standardization in development, and build a reliable information development platform that satisfies the individual needs of all members of the society. Secondly, it is needed to improve the legal system for online trade and take active measures to encourage and support more traditional enterprises and relocating their products and services to online selling platforms. National authorities should strengthen planning and guidance to ensure the healthy and stable development of e-commerce. Conclusions. Globalized economic activities have brought a broader market to e-commerce, but it still has the potential for future growth. For future business development, it is needed to control the integration processes and improve the system to make it better to serve the public.
Abstract. Introduction. The ever-growing world population and low price of chicken eggs have provided reasons for the increased popularity and growing market of this product in Ukraine and worldwide. Nevertheless, the ability to generate profit mainly depends on minimizing feed expenses together with having long-term selling contracts with a stable price level in hard currency. Purpose. Main goal of the article is to analyze the situation with chicken egg production in Ukraine and worldwide, outline the main problems effecting this sphere, structural characteristics of the market and develop proposals for improvement. Results. Despite multiple challenges in the sphere (necessity to change supplier of hatching-eggs, being highly dependent on the price of feed and electric power) Ukrainian producers managed to increase production almost two times bigger in the last 20 years and became one of world’s largest exporters. The production structure has not changed much with 44% being still produced by subsistence farmers. As for the legal henneries – almost 41% of them are micro size with less than 1 mln hryvnia sales a year. Another 22% are small with 1-10 mln hryvnia sales a year, 26% - middle-size and 11% in number make large companies with more than 100 mln hryvnia sales in one year. However, they sell 89% of the value of all egg products, which is more than 12 bln hryvna in total. That is how 19 biggest henneries actually control all market. Profitability of the egg production has been rather unstable lately with reported cost-benefit ratio of -23.5% in 2019. The price has also been unstable with fluctuations between -36% to +53% of the mean value during the year which makes business very unpredictable. Conclusions. The conducted research revealed positive trends in chicken egg production resulting from high demand for cheap food. However unreliable Ukrainian market stimulates exportation which protects producers from price fluctuations and growth of production cost. This made Ukrainian producers 4th largest world exporter. Production in Ukraine is mainly concentrated by the 19 largest henneries. Small-scale producers strongly suffer from all negative effects and are unable to support themselves without external financial assistance.
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