At a stage following the crack development, a reinforced concrete beam has a complex structure that does not correspond to such simple systems as the truss, arch or strutted frame. Therefore, to establish a possible design model for calculating the shear strength, it is necessary to know not only the failure pattern, but also the order of crack nucleation and propagation in the loaded structures. The pattern of nucleation and propagation of diagonal cracks differs significantly from that of vertical cracks, which are the reason for the stretching stress or bending moment. Diagonal cracks can be far more dangerous, as the time interval between the crack nucleation and failure is considerably shorter than for pure bending. The paper discusses the experimental study of diagonal cross-sections of single-span reinforced concrete beams under a concentrated load for a/d = 1. The tested beams had identical characteristics and differed only in the type of transverse reinforcement. The analysis of the experimental data revealed the specifics of nucleation and propagation of diagonal cracks in the zone of impact of the shear force and bending moment. The dynamics of propagation and width of diagonal cracks opening was recorded depending on the load. The effect of different types of transverse reinforcement on the bearing capacity of the beams was established.
The results of the mathematical modeling and experimental studies for the stress-strain state of the annular section of the reinforced concrete shell with the protective structure are presented. Computer simulation has been formulated as a stationary temperature problem. The distribution of deformations and stresses is shown using the equations of the elastic theory. A comparison of theoretical dependences on the results of experimental studies of physical models is given. Conclusions are drawn about the possibility of using them in the calculations of reinforced concrete protective structures.
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