The study aims to research the influence of the gender characteristics of boys and girls on their self-esteem regarding their physical development, health status, as well as to determine the relationship between the level of self-esteem and their belonging to the psychological type of personality (masculine, feminine, androgynous) among respon- dents who engage in and do not engage in sports. The study involved students in grades 5-11 (638 subjects). To study the level of self-esteem of the physical development of schoolchildren, a test questionnaire by “Self-Description of Physical Development”, a test questionnaire by “Masculinity-Femininity”, cluster analysis, and methods of mathemat- ical statistics were used. It was determined that the self-esteem of the physical development of schoolchildren, for the most part, has a high and overstated level, which is 80-85% of the maximum score. The structure of age groups of boys and girls was determined according to the manifestation of psychological gender signs using cluster anal- ysis. Based on the data obtained, it can be stated that boys and girls have certain common gender characteristics. However, there are distinctive features are more numerous. The data obtained are the basis for the systematization of data on the gender approach in physical education, the definition of limiting and stimulating factors affecting the formation of the individual physical culture of people with various signs of psychological gender.
Research purpose. The study was aimed at investigating the effect of the proposed technology using movement games on the physical and psychomotor fitness of young schoolchildren with intellectual disabilities. Materials and Methods. Fourty children from an orphan asylum in Smila, Cherkasy region (Ukraine) participated in the study. All children were divided into two groups: control and experimental; all of them had been diagnosed with moderate-grade oligophrenia and were 2nd and 3rd graders (age 9–12 years). The control group consisted of 22 pupils, including 11 boys and 11 girls. The experimental group consisted of 18 pupils, including 9 boys and 9 girls. The following research methods were used to solve the problems set in the paper: analysis and generalization of information from special scientific literature, pedagogical research methods, method of comparison and similitude, psychoemotional state and psychomotor development research methods, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The study results set forth in the paper will allow stating the fact that lessons with the use of movement games have a positive effect on the physical and psychomotor fitness of young schoolchildren with intellectual disabilities, which ensures their social adaptation in the context of growth. Conclusions. Increasing the time spent on playing games not only in classes but also in extracurricular activities had a positive effect that found expression in the improvement of the children’s health and psychoemotional condition, which is the main component of the behavior of a child with mental disabilities. It can be stated that, after using the proposed movement games, the indicators of the pupils’ psychomotor and mental condition, memory, perception of reality and attention improved in the positive dynamics of their physical fitness. It was found that the number of nervous breakdowns, depressive states and symptoms of stress decreased during the selected movement games.
Modeling of competitive activity forms the basis for the rationalization and improvement of those means and methods that are used in sports training of athletes. In this regard, a hypothesis was put forward that predictive skating models will ensure the achievement of a certain level of sports results in short-track speed skating. Study purpose. The aim of the study was to develop a prognostic model of the competitive activity of elite athletes at a distance of 500 m in short-track on the basis of regression analysis with a focus on achieving specified results. Materials and methods. The study used an analysis of official competition protocols, modeling method, statistical analysis. The behavior of changes in the speed of skating at a distance of 500 m in 173 elite athletes was analyzed. The main components of competitive activity in short-track were revealed. Results. The results obtained have theoretical significance which lies in the scientific substantiation of the need to improve competitive activity on the basis of its studying and the building of skating models. Their practical significance consists in the development and use of models of competitive activity of elite athletes at a distance of 500 m in short-track, taking into account the construction of a skating option. The presented data are an action plan that allows you to purposefully manage the training process and improve the training of athletes in short-track speed skating at a distance of 500 m in an annual cycle. When processing the results of the study, the level of statistical significance was taken as p ≤ 0.05. Conclusions. The informative characteristics of competitive activity that affect the result at a distance of 500 m include acceleration speed and running speed on the first, second, third and fourth laps of the distance, multiple correlation coefficient r = 0.985 (p < 0.01). These are objective criteria which are a system-forming factor that determines the structure and content of the training process of elite athletes, and allow monitoring the level of special readiness, as well as predicting the ways of further improvement and making timely corrections in the training process.
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