Existing scholarship indicates that there are divergences between objective and subjective poverty; yet subjective poverty remains under-researched and not well understood. This research contributes to addressing this gap by identifying and exploring influential factors contributing to high rates of subjective poverty in Ukraine, where nearly 70 per cent of people self-identify as being poor. This rate is surprisingly high given that the World Bank and the National Statistical Service of Ukraine estimate poverty in the country to be around 30 per cent. To understand the drivers of high rates of subjective poverty, the thesis investigates the questions 'what does selfidentification as poor entail in the context of Ukraine?' and 'why does the attribution of subjective poverty not correlate with income and material circumstances?' The questions are explored through a qualitative case study in Rivne city in Western Ukraine, using recognition theory as the main theoretical lens. The analysis draws on data from 50 in-depth semi-structured interviews across low-and high-income groups and across three age groups, with individuals ranging from 20 to 81 years old.Completing this thesis has been a journey of personal and intellectual transformation, which would have been possible without the generous support of the Clarendon and the Jack Kent Cooke Foundations, to whom I am enormously grateful. I am deeply indebted to my supervisor Fran Bennett, who has been incredibly patient, supportive, and encouraging throughout the last four years. I am further grateful to my examiners Professor Mary Daly, Professor Nicolas Duvoux, Professor
Context: Infant regulatory disturbances are common and stable over time and can compromise infant outcomes across a range of developmental domains. Many such problems have their origins within the parent-infant relationship and specialized parent-infant relationship teams provide support and intervention that is explicitly aimed at addressing such relationship difficulties. However, there are currently only around 27 such teams across the United Kingdom, and just under half of CAMHS do not accept referrals of children under 2 years of age. Aim:The current research aimed to examine the views of commissioners of children's services regarding the reasons for commissioning (or not) infant mental health services.Method: Fourteen in-depth interviews were conducted with a range of stakeholders involved in commissioning children's services across 14 areas of England, half of which were commissioning specialized infant mental health services. A thematic analysis was undertaken.Results: A total of five themes emerged from the data as being key factors in the commissioning of infant mental health services: pressure from local practitioners, policy transfer through policy networks, opportunity for long-term cost reduction, potential to embed the service model within existing services and perinatal mental health funding. Conclusion:As with commissioning more widely, the commissioning of infant mental health services is a complex process, with a range of factors influencing whether such services are commissioned or not, and data to suggest that the process is currently driven by informal and contingent factors, as much as by the evidence regarding what works.
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