The article substantiates the professional significance of the formation of competencies in chemistry and learning outcomes of higher education in the specialty "Technologies of medical diagnostics and treatment" in the process of studying the discipline "Technique of laboratory work". It is proved that this discipline integrates knowledge of the technique of chemical experiment, in particular – the preparation of solutions of certain concentrations, which is of immense importance for the professional activities of laboratory assistants of clinical diagnostic laboratories. Thus, this problem requires special methodological attention. It is determined that the formation of competencies in chemistry and learning outcomes of higher education in the specialty "Technologies of medical diagnostics and treatment" should take place in the conditions of creating a specially organized student-centered educational environment in higher education institutions (HEIs). It enables students to use organizational, intellectual-communicative, educational, methodological, logistical, informational-technological resources of HEIs, as well as to influence the systematic updating of educational programs, thus determining the goals, structure, methods and professional orientation of their education. A list of general and special competencies as well as learning outcomes of higher education seekers, which will be formed in the specified topic of the course "Technique of laboratory work" has been composed. On the example of conducting a practical lesson on the corresponding topic, the author's method of forming and evaluating the learning outcomes of applicants for higher education is given. It is shown that the formation of these learning outcomes begins with the acquaintance of applicants with their content. Algorithms for solving computational problems of preparation of tinctures by methods of sample and dilution solutions are given. Detailed instructions for the preparation of solutions of salts, alkalis and acids and determination of their concentrations using a hydrometer are given. The place of group educational activity in the process of formation of students' learning outcomes is outlined. Methods of control and assessment of students' academic achievements are indicated, namely: online testing using modern educational platforms, self-evaluation, evaluation by group members and assessment based on the results of their experimental work.
The article analyzes the latest publications on the essence of the concept of «student-centered learning». The definition of «student-centered educational environment» concept is formulated from the standpoint of a systematic approach, i.e. as a system of interconnected diverse conditions for all educational needs of students created in the world (global level), country (regional level), higher education institution (local level) to obtain quality higher education as a guarantee of success and competitiveness in the labor market. The resources of this environment in the institution of higher education are characterized: intellectual-communicative, organizational, educational-methodical, informational, technological, material-technical. The peculiarities of student-centeredness are determined: it proclaims a student a central figure of the educational environment of a higher education institution, who consciously and independently chooses his own educational trajectory, is responsible for his educational achievements, combines teaching and research, has the opportunity to satisfy his or her educational needs. interests; determines the priority goal of educational activity – the formation of learning outcomes; provides an increase in the level of motivation, activity, autonomy, professionalism and reflection of students; diversifies the educational functions of the teacher; transforms the educational interaction of students and teachers into a partnership context; ensures consistency between teaching and learning through the development and constant updating of educational programs, syllabi; encourages the use of active and interactive methods, modern forms and means of learning; provides for systematic monitoring of the quality of educational services; aims professional training in higher education institutions on the success and competitiveness of students in the labor market.
The article defines the method of formation of special competences of bachelors in the technology of medical diagnostics and treatment during the "Biological and clinical chemistry" discipline classes on the example of a practical session on the topic "Conducting a glucose tolerance test". The list of acquired competencies, which are formed during the practical session, has been established. Based on B. Bloom's taxonomy, the target and evaluation aspects of the program learning outcome "Perform quantitative and qualitative biochemical research, interpret the results" at the levels of cognitive, emotional (affective) and psychomotor spheres of the acquirers' personality are singled out. Pedagogical conditions for the formation of their competences have been established, namely: the possibility of access of students to the necessary resources of a student-centered educational environment and consideration of interdisciplinary connections. It is proved that among all the general didactic principles on which the formation of competences of students in practical training is based, the principle of connection between training and practice is the most important. Priority methods and means of competence formation have been selected. The structure of the practical lesson is determined on the basis of competence by stages: preparatory (motivation of the educational activity of the students, checking the input level of knowledge), basic (studying the features of the structural and logical scheme and the algorithm for conducting the glucose tolerance test, introducing knowledge into the practice of performing this biochemical research), final (control and assessment of the level of mastery of the program learning outcomes by the students using testing methods, solving professionally-oriented situational problems, substantiating reports on the conducted research, conducting self-analysis of the students’ activities, observing the manifestations of various spheres of their personality based on the methods of control and evaluation – maps and rating scales).
The purpose of the publication was to assess the strength and direction of correlation relationships between mortality rates from non-communicable diseases of the population of Zhytomyr region of Ukraine and sanitary-chemical indicators of safety and quality of drinking water. The need for this study was determined by the necessity to adjust existing and develop new strategic approaches to the prevention of non-communicable diseases that depend on the level of chemical contamination of drinking water. The study was conducted in 2016-2020. Standardized indicators of mortality from non-communicable diseases (per 100,000 population) were analyzed. 25375 water samples were studied, among them 8339 belonged to centralized and 17036 – to decentralized water supply. The strength and direction of correlation relationships between population mortality rates from non-communicable diseases and the average values of sanitary-chemical indicators of drinking water were determined by Pearson's linear correlation coefficients and the Chaddock scale. The statistical significance of the correlation coefficients was determined by Student's t-test. In the process of research work such methods as: bibliographic, medical and sociological, retrospective, epidemiological, statistical, system analysis and generalization were used. Statistically significant (p˂0.05) strong direct correlations were found between mortality rates of the urban population of Zhytomyr region from diseases of the circulatory system (I00-I99) (including myocardial infarction) (I21-I22), coronary heart disease (I20-I25), of digestive organs (K00-K93) and average total iron and total hardness values; between nervous system diseases (G00-G99) and average values of manganese in drinking water of centralized water supply, as well as between mortality rates of rural population from diseases of the circulatory system (I00-I99) and average values of total hardness, total iron and nitrates in drinking water of decentralized water supply. The urgent need to develop new strategic approaches to improve the quality of drinking water in the region as one of the factors in the prevention of non-communicable diseases has been proved.
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