This work presents the results of a study of the resins of seven Ancient Egyptian mummies from the collection of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts using a complex of analytical methods: gas chromatography, atomic emission and mass spectrometry. Natural bitumen and beeswax were identified in the resins using the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method. Based on the results of hydrocarbon distribution in the profiles of n-alkanes in the resin coatings of the mummies and naturally occurring bitumen, it was assumed that the Dead Sea bitumen was used. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry studies of mummy resins in the selected ion mode (m/z 217 and 191) provided additional evidence of the bitumen’s geographic origin. Atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma was used as a means to determine the content of microelements. Vanadium, nickel and molybdenum were found in the tar of five mummies. The determined relative amounts of vanadium, nickel, and molybdenum in the resins of the studied mummies showed a good correlation with the available data on the content of these elements in the Dead Sea bitumen, as well as the Fayum mummy resin based on this bitumen. The advantages of using the method of identifying bitumen in mummy resins based on relative content of vanadium, nickel, and molybdenum were revealed.
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The aim of this study was to obtain a non-destructive three-dimensional model of the ancient Egyptian mummy skeleton from the collection of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts (I,1 1240). The objective of this research was to study the possibility of precise segmentation of bone structures and their separation from the surrounding mummified soft tissues, as well as the reconstruction of destroyed bone fragments according to the preserved shape. With the help of additive technology made all fragments of the skeleton, including the distal phalanx. The digital models and plastic reconstructions of historical artifacts can be used for further research, for example, the biomechanical and morphometric ones, as well as for the purpose of information and education, or as a supplement to the original museum objects.</p>
The article considers denotative nominative classification of English ideonyms. One thousand English ideonyms selected according to the frequency of use in print and electronic media have provided the material for this research. The topical problems of ideonymics incude establishment of denotative nominative systematization of the relevant proprietary units, which involves their grouping according to the type of the named objects. The denotative nominative classification of ideonyms embraces four divisions: artionyms, i.e. proper names of works of art, which are further divided into imagionyms, sсeneonyms, musiconyms and filmonyms; biblionyms that cover proper names of all written and verbal texts as well as their series and collections; gemeronyms, i.e. proper names of the media, which are divided into pressonyms and electronyms according to the method of transmitting the information and include both radio and television programs of exclusively informational nature rather than those of entertaining or educational character; computeronyms, which absorb all proper names designed to designate different types of computer programs. The poetonymic sphere is understood as a collection of onyms in artistic texts creating a complex and harmonious system existing in any artistic work as a result of their interrelations. This concerns not only literary works but also those in cinematography, computer art, etc., since proper names act in each of them as components of the virtual picture of the world, thus enabling to refer to the existence of not only the poetonymic sphere, but also the virtualonymosphere. Therefore, it can be concluded that ideonyms can be divided into four classes by their correlation with denotate, namely artionyms, biblionyms, gemeronyms and computeronyms, subject to further specification. Separate terms have been created for ideonyms of the first and second specification levels whereas descriptive terminology is applied for further subdivisions. Each of the analyzed divisions has its own specific functioning, both structural and semantic, which makes further intvestigation in this direction relevant.
The article outlines the conception of the lexical pragmatics Dictionary of Russian language that was formulated while working on research project “Vocabulary of Russian language with a pragmatic component of semantics”. The pragmatic component of the word is a phenomenon in which the national specifics of language is manifested. Those implicit elements of meaning (including evaluative, emotive, expressive, cultural connotations, etc.) that constitute the pragmatic component of the word often cause communicative mistakes in the speech practice of native speakers and foreigners. Successful communication requires possession of the information about pragmatic properties of the words, i.e., about pragmatic competence. The article determines the novelty of this Dictionary and its correlation to the preceding lexicographic tradition, the Dictionary tasks, sources, and main parameters (aspects) of the description of a lexical unit.
Aim to analyze and compare the effectiveness of conservative treatment and complex methods (intravitreal injections of angiogenesis inhibitors and retinal laser coagulation) of the central retinal vein occlusion treatment. Material and methods. Based on the case histories, there were analyzed the results of central retinal vein occlusion treatment in 40 patients (the average age is 63) who were treated at the Republican Ophthalmological Hospital. Results. The course of combined therapy including the anti-VEGF injections and retinal laser coagulation showed the best results: a more significant and persistent decrease of retinal edema and a more marked increase of visual acuity, if compared to conservative therapy of the central retinal vein occlusion. Conclusion. The results obtained allow us to recommend the complex treatment of the central retinal vein occlusion as the best method for fast and persistent elimination of retinal edema, increased visual acuity and prevention of complications.
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