Cassia senna L. and Cassia angustifolia Vahl. leaves and their preparations are widely acknowledged herbal drugs. Recent development of a novel dosage form -cut-pressed granules -enhances convenience of use in a home setting. However, manufacturing of cut-pressed granules is feasible only if the quality of the material doesn't decrease during granulation. The aim of the study was to assess the possible changes in identification parameters and in the composition of biologically active substances in Senna leaves after processing. It was shown that TLC chromatographic profiles of the herbal drug remain unchanged. Spectrophotometric assessment confirmed that the anthracene aglycones content of the herbal material was also not affected by granulation. It can be concluded that the quality of cut-pressed granules obtained from Senna leaves is not inferior compared to the raw material. RezumatCassia senna L. și Cassia angustifolia Vahl. sunt cunoscute pentru efectele lor biologice. Dezvoltarea recentă a unei noi forme de dozare, granule presate, tăiate, îmbunătățește complianța. Scopul studiului a fost de a evalua posibilele modificări ale parametrilor de identificare și ale compoziției substanțelor biologic active din frunzele de Senna după procesare. Rezultatele au arătat că profilurile cromatografice TLC rămân neschimbate. Evaluarea spectrofotometrică a conținutului de agliconi antracenici a confirmat calitatea granulelor.
The concept of metabolic syndrome as a cluster of risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases has undergone a number of evolutionary transformations over the past years. Incorporation of autonomic nervous system dysfunction into the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome opens an opportunity for inclusion of a number of clinical entities in the cluster of metabolic syndrome as they mutually affect the course and clinical manifestations of pathologies involved in metabolic syndrome. To confirm this notion, a cross-sectional transverse study of a continuous sample of 158 patients with metabolic syndrome was performed. The study showed that, in the presence of metabolic syndrome, the incidence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy reaches 37.5%. A number of features of gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients with metabolic syndrome were found in the structure of complaints where regurgitation predominated. Fibrogastroduodenoscopy demonstrated endoscopically negative form of the disease in 38%, and, according to high DeMeester index by daily pH-metry, the alkaline reflux was present in patients in lying position over 25% of time. Young men with metabolic syndrome had high incidence of prostatic enlargement (increased prostate size and volume) as well as high incidence of the IPSS questionnaire score corresponding to the initial manifestations of prostatic hyperplasia in the presence of insulin resistance and normal androgen levels. The study showed that dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (along with insulin resistance) was the main converging point in the development of metabolic syndrome. This suggests that cardiac autonomic neuropathy, lower urinary tract symptoms, and gastroesophageal reflux disease may be included in the metabolic syndrome cluster.
Background: Currently, there are at least 43 different dosage forms present on the Russian Federation pharmaceutical market. A novel, unique dosage form-cut-pressed granules (CPG)-was developed in order to improve manufacturing characteristics and, therefore, quality of herbal drug products released in tea bags. However, treatment conditions may result in decreased levels of active substances in some of the plants, especially those containing essential oil, which is prone to degradation. The aim of this study was to assess feasibility of CPG manufacturing from herbal raw material rich in essential oil. Materials and Methods: Different morphological groups of raw material from two commonly used medicinal plants, chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) flowers and sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome, were chosen as the objects of the study. Qualitative composition of lipophilic constituents in herbal raw materials and CPG was assessed using thin-layer chromatography. Essential oil content was determined by steam distillation. Results: The results confirmed equivalence of chromatographic profiles for the analyzed raw materials and CPG; thus, granulation didn't affect qualitative composition of lipophilic components in chamomile flowers and sweet flag rhizome. The study also showed that the granulation process, in fact, promoted stability of the dosage form: during long-term storage the content of essential oil in all of the assessed cut-pressed granules was equivalent or higher than in corresponding herbal raw material. Conclusions: It can be concluded that Matricaria recutita L. flowers and Acorus calamus L. rhizome can be used as herbal raw material for CPG manufacturing.
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