The role of nearby galactic sources, the supernova remnants, in formation of observed energy spectrum and large-scale anisotropy of high-energy cosmic rays is studied. The list of these sources is made up based on radio, X-ray and gamma-ray catalogues. The distant sources are treated statistically as ensemble of sources with random positions and ages. The source spectra are defined based on the modern theory of cosmic ray acceleration in supernova remnants while the propagation of cosmic rays in the interstellar medium is described in the frameworks of galactic diffusion model. Calculations of dipole component of anisotropy are made to reproduce the experimental procedure of "twodimensional" anisotropy measurements. The energy dependence of particle escape time in the process of acceleration in supernova remnants and the arm structure of sources defining the significant features of anisotropy are also taken into account. The essential new trait of the model is a decreasing number of core collapse SNRs being able to accelerate cosmic rays up to the given energy, that leads to steeper total cosmic ray source spectrum in comparison with the individual source spectrum. We explained simultaneously the new cosmic ray data on the fine structure of all particle spectrum around the knee and the amplitude and direction of the dipole component of anisotropy in the wide energy range 1 TeV1 EeV. Suggested assumptions do not look exotic, and they confirm the modern understanding of cosmic ray origin.

The Galactic Propagation (GALPROP) numerical code is now accepted as an advanced tool for simulations of cosmic ray diffusion and interaction in the Galaxy. The code is used for the interpretation of a large body of cosmic ray data. In some cases, including in particular the case of stable primary and secondary nuclei, one can use a simple leaky-box model for handling of data on cosmic ray energy spectra and composition. We find an adequate leaky-box approximation to the basic GALPROP model and estimate its accuracy.

In this paper, a probable interpretation of a remarkable fine structure of all particle spectra between the knee and the ankle, as well as a high content of heavy nuclei around 10 17 eV measured recently in Tunka-133 and KASCADE Grande experiments, is presented in the model where production of cosmic rays in Type Ia SNRs provides observed cosmic rays (CR) flux around the knee. Subtracting the contribution of these sources from all particle spectrum we obtained the residual flux of CR in the transition region between Galactic and Extragalactic CR in the range 10 17 5 10 18 eV. The obtained spectrum also has a pronounced knee at energy (23)10 17 eV and slopes  1 ~ 1.80.3 below it and  2 ~3.4 above it. We analyzed the possible contribution from known Galactic sources and found that formally the best candidate to contribute significantly to the transition region is Cas A. This source posses a number of unusual properties and considered as Type IIb SNR. However we showed that the hypothesis of extragalactic origin of CR starting from 10 17 eV seems more realistic.

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