роЗроБлення алГорИтмІв дІаГностування стану водно-ХІмІчноГо режИму друГоГо контуру атомнИХ електростанцІй Проведено аналіз причин виникнення аварійних ситуацій на АЕС. Розглянуто принципи ліквідації аварійних ситуацій. Наведено узагальнений алгоритм діагностування стану водно-хімічного режиму (ВХР) другого контуру енергоблоку АЕС. Розроблено логічні моделі, що призначені для визначення причин порушень норм ведення ВХР. Розроблено стратегії керування для формування відповідних керуючих впливів задля уникнення аварійних режимів експлуатації АЕС. ключові слова: діагностування стану водно-хімічного режиму, логічні моделі, ліквідація аварійних ситуацій.сангінова о. в., медведєв р. Б., мердух с. л.
The object of research is wastewater contaminated with anionic dyes. Traditional methods of wastewater treatment from dyes are imperfect and inefficient or non-existent. Therefore, the need to develop and implement effective and inexpensive to use and operate dye removal technologies is important. The biggest problem in dye removal is when large volumes of low concentration wastewater have to be treated. To purify just such effluents, a combined method, solvent sublation, has been proposed. It combines flotation and extraction methods and has the benefits of both. The essence of the method is the passage of gas bubbles through the aqueous phase and the transport of a hydrophobic complex (sublate) formed by a dye and a surfactant into the organic phase. The study used imitates of wastewater contaminated with an anionic dye, active bright blue in the concentration range of 5–50 mg/dm3. The influence of the main parameters on the degree of dye removal was studied: the pH of the initial solution, the molar ratio of surfactant: dye, the size of air bubbles, the gas flow rate, the initial concentration of the dye, the duration of solvent sublation. Rational parameters of the process have been established, which are advisable to use in solvent sublation:
– purification process must be carried out in the presence of a cationic collector hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide;
– extractant – isoamyl alcohol;
– molar ratio Dye: surfactant=1:1.5;
– pH 5.5;
– generation of gas bubbles by a Schott filter with a porosity of 40 µm;
– gas flow rate – 127 cm3/min.
Under such conditions, the removal efficiency of active bright blue is 97 % at a process time of 10–25 min. The results obtained confirm the promise of the proposed method for the effective removal of dyes from low-concentration aqueous solutions. The method has a number of advantages: it requires a small amount of extractant compared to liquid extraction; ions are concentrated in small volumes of an organic solvent; the process proceeds without phase mixing, so no emulsions are formed.
The solvent sublation technique was applied to remove water-soluble dyes from aqueous solutions. The aim of this work is computer simulation of the solvent sublation process in prediction the amount of removed dyes. In this study, mathematical statistic methods were used to define the process variables that have the real impact on the solvent sublation process. The STAR system mathematical tools were used to find a proper model that govern the change of dye residual concentration over time, as well as to carry out parametric identification. The simulation results show that the models have a good performance in the simulation and prediction of the cationic and anionic dyes removal from aqueous solutions. The results can be used to optimize the solvent sublation process as a technique of wastewater treatment.
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