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The role of interleukin-17A, -17F and -22 in many inflam matory and autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis, is well established. Little is known, however, about the role of these cytokines in mycosis fungoides. This study investigat ed the expression levels of interleukin17A, 17F and 22 in blood and lesional skin samples of patients with mycosis fungoides in comparison with healthy controls. The results suggest that the mycosis fungoides tumour microenviron ment is characterized by downregulation of interleukin17A and 17F and upregulation of interleukin22. This study investigated the expression of interleukin (IL)-17A, -17F and -22 in mycosis fungoides. Blood samples were collected from 50 patients with mycosis fungoides and 50 healthy controls. Skin samples were obtained from 26 patients with mycosis fungoides and 5 healthy controls. Protein levels of IL-17A, -17F and -22 were measured in serum by multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and mRNA expression levels were measured in blood and skin samples by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Both IL-17A and IL-17F mRNA expression levels were signifi cantly lower in blood of patients with mycosis fungoides in comparison with healthy controls. IL-22 serum levels and expression levels of IL-22 mRNA in skin tissue, were significantly increased in patients with mycosis fungoides in comparison with healthy controls. These results suggest that low levels of IL-17A and IL-17F in mycosis fungoides may be connected to impaired immune surveillance contributing to tumourigenesis. Upregulation of IL-22 may play a role in the establishment of the tumour microenvironment in mycosis fungoides.

Our data indicate that onychomadesis outbreak in the region of Thessaloniki during fall-winter 2012-13 was highly related to the outbreak of HFMD. Our study reinforces existing evidence for the association between onychomadesis and HFMD.

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