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The present study addresses the herbicidal activity and biological effects of the metribuzin (MET) and tribenuron-methyl (TBM) herbicides used to control various weed species (Amaranthus retroflexus, Sinapis arvensis, and Leucanthemum maximum). The effects of the free herbicides and the herbicides embedded in granules of degradable polymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)] blended with birch wood flour were compared. Metribuzin, regardless of the form, caused 100% mortality of the three weeds by day 21. The herbicidal activity of tribenuron-methyl was lower than that of metribuzin, but the embedded TBM was superior to the free herbicide in the length and strength of its action on the weeds. Both metribuzin forms dramatically decreased the main parameters of fluorescence: maximum quantum yield of photosystem-II [Y(II) max ], maximum quantum yield of non-photochemical quenching [Y(NPQ) max ], and maximum rate of non-cyclic electron transport [ETR max ] and concentrations of chlorophyll a and b. The effect of the embedded TBM on the photosynthetic activity of the weeds was lower in the first two weeks of the growth of herbicidetreated plants but lasted longer than the effect of the free TBM and increased over time. Embedding of metribuzin in the matrix of degradable blend did not decrease its herbicidal activity.
The aim of the study was to study the effectiveness of deposited herbicidal preparations metribuzin and tribenuron-methyl based on biodegradable poly-3-hydroxybutyrate in micro-field crops of grain crops (spring wheat variety "Novosibirskaya 15" (Triticum aestivum) and spring barley variety "Biom" (Hordeum vulgare). The research was carried out in the growing season of 2019 in a field station of the Krasnoyarsk State Agricultural University, located in the vicinity of Krasnoyarsk on meadow-chernozem thick heavy loamy soil. As a result of the study, it was shown that the introduction of deposited herbicidal preparations contributed to a better control of the number of weeds in comparison with their free forms, which contributed to a greater formation of productive stems and, as a consequence, an increase in crop yields. The maximum decrease in the number of weeds was recorded with the introduction of MET preparations, where the number of weeds on August 20 decreased by more than 70% (20 pcs / m2) in comparison with the negative control. Similar effects of herbicides in free and deposited form are shown in crops of spring barley varieties "Biom". The herbicidal effect of TRIB and MET deposited in a matrix of P (3GB) mixed with sawdust was more pronounced compared to spraying with free forms of pesticides. The results of the study showed that the use of experimental forms with TRIB increased the biological yield of grain crops by improving the indicators of the yield structure and effective control of weeds. The maximum number of productive stems was recorded on spring barley with the addition of deposited tribenuron-methyl (712 pcs / m2), where the highest yield was formed (6.12 t / ha).
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