Asymptotically AdS wormhole solutions are considered in the context of holography. Correlation functions of local operators on distinct boundaries are studied. It is found that such correlators are finite at short distances. Correlation functions of non-local operators (Wilson loops) on distinct boundaries are also studied, with similar conclusions. Deformations of the theory with multi-trace operators on distinct boundaries are considered and studied. As a consequence of these results, the dual theory is expected to factorize in the UV, and the two sectors to be coupled by a soft non-local interaction. A simple field theory model with such behavior is presented.
We revisit the old black hole S-Matrix construction and its new partial wave expansion of 't Hooft. Inspired by old ideas from non-critical string theory & c = 1 Matrix Quantum Mechanics, we reformulate the scattering in terms of a quantum mechanical model -of waves scattering off inverted harmonic oscillator potentials -that exactly reproduces the unitary black hole S-Matrix for all spherical harmonics; each partial wave corresponds to an inverted harmonic oscillator with ground state energy that is shifted relative to the s-wave oscillator. Identifying a connection to 2d string theory allows us to show that there is an exponential degeneracy in how a given total initial energy may be distributed among many partial waves of the 4d black hole.
We explore the non-singlet sector of matrix quantum mechanics dual to c = 1 Liouville theory. The non-singlets are obtained by adding N f × N bi-fundamental fields in the gauged matrix quantum mechanics model as well as a one dimensional Chern-Simons term. The present model is associated with a spin-Calogero model in the presence of an external magnetic field. In chiral variables, the low energy excitations-currents satisfy an SU(2N f)k Kǎc-Moody algebra at large N. We analyse the canonical partition function as well as two and four point correlation functions, discuss a Gross-Witten-Wadia phase transition at large N, N f and study different limits of the parameters that allow us to recover the matrix model of Kazakov-Kostov-Kutasov conjectured to describe a two dimensional black hole. The grand canonical partition function is a τ-function obeying discrete soliton equations. We finally conjecture a possible dynamical picture for the formation of a black hole in terms of condensation of long-strings in the strongly coupled region of the Liouville direction.
We consider a set of observers who live near the boundary of global AdS, and are allowed to act only with simple low-energy unitaries and make measurements in a small interval of time. The observers are not allowed to leave the near-boundary region. We describe a physical protocol that nevertheless allows these observers to obtain detailed information about the bulk state. This protocol utilizes the leading gravitational back-reaction of a bulk excitation on the metric, and also relies on the entanglement-structure of the vacuum. For low-energy states, we show how the near-boundary observers can use this protocol to completely identify the bulk state. We explain why the protocol fails completely in theories without gravity, including non-gravitational gauge theories. This provides perturbative evidence for the claim that one of the signatures of holography - the fact that information about the bulk is also available near the boundary - is already visible in the low-energy theory of gravity.
We analyse the connections between the Wheeler DeWitt approach for two dimensional quantum gravity and holography, focusing mainly in the case of Liouville theory coupled to c = 1 matter. Our motivation is to understand whether some form of averaging is essential for the boundary theory, if we wish to describe the bulk quantum gravity path integral of this two dimensional example. The analysis hence, is in a spirit similar to the recent studies of Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT)-gravity. Macroscopic loop operators define the asymptotic region on which the holographic boundary dual resides. Matrix quantum mechanics (MQM) and the associated double scaled fermionic field theory on the contrary, is providing an explicit “unitary in superspace” description of the complete dynamics of such two dimensional universes with matter, including the effects of topology change. If we try to associate a Hilbert space to a single boundary dual, it seems that it cannot contain all the information present in the non-perturbative bulk quantum gravity path integral and MQM.
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