The authors studied the motivation of nonhuman animal protectors engaged in caring for homeless animals. They were compared with individuals not involved in this activity. There were two hypotheses regarding the motivation. One hypothesis proposed animal protection is a substitute for people not satisfied with their family life and/or work. Another hypothesis suggested personality traits made some individuals attentive to the plight of humans and animals. The authors gathered demographic information and used an inventory on altruism toward humans and animals. There were no distinctions in demographics. The factor analysis of the inventory revealed two factors. One factor was altruism toward animals and another factor was altruism toward humans. Animal protectors scored high on the first factor and low on the second. Non-animal protectors demonstrated the opposite distribution of scores. This is inconsistent with the second hypothesis. Altruism toward animals and altruism toward humans may result from different mechanisms.

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The relation between temperature and violence was found in many studies. However, the results of such studies demonstrated only that uncomfortably hot temperatures increase violence. There seem to be no data on the effect of cold temperatures. We studied the relation between temperature and violence for the Russian Federation because the Russian Federation is a country with huge climatic differences. Two types of the analysis of the data were applied. In Analysis 1 average yearly temperatures were used. For violent crimes a decrease in temperature resulted in the increase of the crimes after taking into account three socioeconomic variables. Analysis 2 was based on monthly data. Violence was high in winter and spring months but low in autumn months. In our opinion, the conventional models that are used to clarify the effect of hot temperatures cannot explain our results. We hypothesize that long periods of cold temperatures can be considered as mild chronic stress. Chronic stress may exert depression and depression is associated with irritability and anger. In some situations these emotions may stimulate violence. An increase in violence associated with city living and economic downturns may partially be a consequence of mild chronic stress.

We examined the CLASH model using the data on climate and violence from the Russian Federation. The Russian Federation is a huge country with dramatic climatic differences between regions. Our results are absolutely inconsistent with the model. We consider there are a range of climates in which the human organism functions optimally. Deviations from the range cause impulsiveness and aggression.

Growing interest in improving the quality of student’s research activity in higher education has led to an emphasis on student-supervisor interaction in joint research activity. The study presented here was carried out in Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia. The participants were 30 supervisors and 60 students from the Pedagogical Institute. The study defined student and supervisor interaction problems and characterized the ways of student-supervisor interaction that reduce student’s motivation for a creative approach to writing research work when student’s research work is perceived as (1) supervisor’s burden, (2) a source of supervisor’s innovative ideas, (3) a source of additional information or (4) a source of primary information processing for supervisor’s scientific work. Implications are given to prevent ineffective ways of student-supervisor interaction and improve the quality of student’s research training in multi-level university education.

This article highlights the problem of the vocational guidance of school students with disabilities. Particular attention is paid to a crucial role of a web quest as an educational technology in increasing the motivation of school students with disabilities to enter the university, and facilitating the process of choosing the future profession. It is proved that the systematic application of the WebQuest based technology in the vocational guidance contributes to the development of reflection in school students with disabilities and limited health opportunities.

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The author highlights the importance of human social interaction in training university students. The paper presents an overview of the conceptual aspects of social interaction in scientific research. Based on theoretical approaches to the definition of social interaction, the paper defines "social interaction" in the context of the classroom activities. The aim of the paper is to investigate and define the first-year university students' interaction specifics in the learning process. The experiment involved 118 students from the Institute of Geology and Oil and Gas Production. On the basis of K. Thomas -Kilmann's test questionnaire focused on determining a leading interaction type in conflict situations, social interaction type specifics of the first-year students of technical specialties were determined and described.SHS Web of Conferences 69, 00093 (2019)