Purpose of the study. To study the characteristics of acute HIV infection in adults in the Novosibirsk region in 2017– 2018.Materials and methods. 200 patients with acute HIV infection, residents of the Novosibirsk region, aged 15 to 74 years, hospitalized in 2017–2018, 104 men and 96 women were examined. The diagnosis was verified by detecting antibodies to HIV in ELISA with a negative or doubtful result of the immunoblot, as well as by determining the quantitative content of HIV RNA in the blood by PCR. The hemogram, the content of CD4 + lymphocytes in the blood were determined. In addition, HIV-1 was studied in 71 patients for belonging to a genetic group.Results. Patients of 20–40 years old prevailed – 70.5%. The sexual way was dominant in women (69.0%), injecting psychoactive substances was more often in men (32.2%). Frequent symptoms were fever (99%), exanthema (65.5%), polylimfoadenopathy (54.0%). Less common were diarrhea (36.0%), pharyngotonsillitis (23.0%), aphthous stomatitis (6.5%), hepatomegaly or hepatosplenomegaly (8.5%). Secondary diseases were revealed in 26.5% of patients. Leukopenia was recorded in 63.0%, thrombocytopenia in 62.5%, lymphocytosis and atypical cells of the lymphoid series in 14.0%. All patients had a high “viral load” – from 23,000 to 10,000,000 or more copies / ml, a decrease in the number of CD4 + less than 350 cells – in 38.0%. From among 71 patients, 19.7% had HIV-1 subtype A, and 76.0% had recombinant HIV-1 CRF63_02A. In the latter, “viral load” of more than 10,000,000 copies / ml was more often recorded (67.8% vs. 33.4%, p = 0.004).Conclusion. A significant number of cases of acute HIV infection were reported in the Novosibirsk region in 2017– 2018. Its detection is possible by examination of all febrile patients who apply to medical institutions. Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy with the appointment of well-tolerated regimens contributes to the formation of a high commitment to therapy.
The aim was to determine the morpho-functional parameters of the left ventricular myocardium NO system in the rats with essential hypertension (SHR line). Material and methods. We used a combination of modern highly informative methods, namely: research of NOS isoform profile (nNOS, iNOS eNOS) in the myocardial slices along with an assessment of their synthesis and expression of the corresponding mRNA; NO derived nitrites level determination directly in the myocardium homogenates and concentration of nitrotyrosine in blood plasma of rats. The results of the performed studies have shown that high blood pressure in the SHR was accompanied by a significant increase in the concentrations of all three NOS isoforms in the myocardium and increased expression of their mRNA. Higher concentration of nitrites by 18.8 % was detected in the SHR group compared with the control animals. The concentration of nitrotyrosine in blood plasma of rats with essential hypertension was also increased by 25 %. Conclusions. The predominance of IRM to constitutive isoforms of NOS with low IRM content to iNOS was noted in the myocardium of the control group rats while in SHR rats higher IRM values were marked for all NOS isoforms. The formation of hypertension is accompanied by high content of NO end metabolites and the development of systemic nitroso-oxidative stress with the increase of nitrotyrosine concentration.
The aim was to determine the features of the NO system status in the left ventricular myocardium in the rats with intermittent hypoxic hypobaric hypoxia during 15 and 60 days. Material and methods. The study was conducted on the 30 Wistar male rats, which were divided into 3 experimental groups: the 1 st-control, the 2 nd-rats exposed to intermittent hypoxia during 15 days and the 3 rd group-the rats exposed to intermittent hypoxia during 60 days. Blood pressure was measured in all the rats. The objects and methods of the study were blood plasma (nitrotyrosine detection with immunoassay) and the myocardium of the left ventricle (concentration of nitrites by Griess nitrite test and content of immunoreactive material to the nitric oxide synthase isoforms by immunofluorescence method). mRNA expression of NOS isoforms was determined by PCR-RT method in the myocardium. Results. In the rats with 15-day hypoxia there was an increase in systolic pressure compared to control, and in 60-day hypoxia, there was also an increase in diastolic pressure although this changes were within the normotensive range. mRNA to all the myocardial NOS isoforms was characterized by an increase in both hypoxia groups. At the same time, the indices of the immunoreactive material content to the NOS isoforms were dependent on the hypoxia term. The concentration of the nitrotyrosine increased in both hypoxic groups, but in the long term it occurred along with a decrease in the level of nitrite, which indicates the possibility of nitro-oxidative stress. Conclusions. The 15-day intermittent hypoxia changes the myocardial NO system: an increase in the expression of all 3 isoforms, an increase in the nitrite and the nitrotyrosine content. iNOS becomes the predominant form of the enzyme in the myocardium with the increasing its mRNA. In 60-day hypoxia, the profile of the NOS enzyme is characterized by increased expression of the constitutive isoforms and decreased inducible NOS expression that was accompanied with significant increase in mRNA of all three forms. The level of terminal metabolites of NO was characterized by a decrease in the nitrite while the content of the nitrotyrosine increased.
High reliability and nonvolatile antifuse technology make Actel RTAX-S the FPGA of choice for space designers. As correct functionality of such designs is crucial, prototyping becomes an important step of the verification flow. As RTAX-S FPGAs are one-time programmable, prototyping can become challenging. This paper provides an overview and comparison of the existing approaches to prototyping of Actel RTAX-S FPGAs.
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