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Professional discourse has become one of the most researched types of discourse in modern cross-disciplinary studies. Being widely represented in linguistic studies, it still has received unfairly tenuous attention in semiotic studies. Some areas of professional discourse such as popular science discourse have been out of focus of linguo-semiotic studies so far. The goal of this paper is to identify the dominating semiotic system in the formation of meaning and knowledge transfer in popular science discourse. The authors have carried out the semiotic analysis of verbal-visual relations in journal articles headlines belonging to the sphere of popular science, their correlation in the process of semiosis, representation of scientific knowledge in popular science discourse. Data obtained in the result of the conducted research support a new trend in semiotic research that visual system is no longer viewed as subordinate as it is capable of shifting the emphasis in the process of semiosis. Based on the previous body of research relating to word-image interdependencies, the authors develop their own approach to determine the dominance of one semiotic system over the other in certain contextual environments. While departing from a traditional approach of defining the nature of relations between two major components -the verbal and the visual, the authors propose to include an "intermediary" element to form a triad consisting of Litvishko O. M. et al. Professional discourse: the verbal and visual semiosis interplay Литвишко О. М. и др. Профессиональный дискурс: взаимодействие вербального … 20 НАУЧНЫЙ РЕЗУЛЬТАТ. ВОПРОСЫ ТЕОРЕТЙЧЕСКОЙ Й ПРЙКЛАДНОЙ ЛЙНГВЙСТЙКЙ RESEARCH RESULT. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LINGUISTICSheading, sub-heading and photograph. The analysis of the relations among the three elements gives the results which sometimes reflect contradictory tendencies in verbalvisual relations present in single (heading-sub-heading) or multimodal (headingphotograph) systems. The authors determine three models of interaction of verbal and visual components -complementarity, neutrality, controversy, though under the influence of the "intermediary" component the models may significantly change. The results contribute to deeper understanding of professional language picture among specialists, as well as familiarizing non-specialists with professional language picture. The results also may be employed as guidelines in the academic courses of texts composition, writing popular science articles, and as a teaching tool in disciplines focused on text analysis.
The present research deals with the analysis of lexical gaps belonging to legal terminology, which emerged in the Russian language due to the processes of digitalization of English-language terminological system of criminal law. Due to insufficient state of knowledge of terminological gaps in institutional discourse, in legal discourse in particular, the problem of developing the mechanisms to overcome terminological lacunarity becomes very significant, setting a task to find the most productive translation methods. Conducting complex linguistic analysis of lacunae in the Russian-language terminological system of criminal law emerged due to the internationalization of law in the conditions of development, enhancement of new information technologies and appearance of new highly-technological kinds of crimes using these technologies, demands employing a series of linguistic methods and approaches, particularly, content-analysis, component and etymological analysis, contrasting analysis aimed at comparing terminological gaps with extra-linguistic phenomena they represent, the research material includes legal online glossaries, reference and analytical materials of USA government agencies and information protection services, translation dictionaries. In the result of the conducted research the authors conclude that terminological gaps belonging to the sphere of criminal law are widely represented in English-language legal discourse. This can be explained by two objective tendencies typical of modern legal discourse, the tendency of internationalization of law and digitalization of English-language legal terminological system. The authors point out that conducting the linguistic analysis of terminological gaps demands applying a complex, multi-aspect, cross-disciplinary approach taking into consideration the data of allied areas of knowledge, particularly, criminal law, cultural studies of English-speaking countries as English-language non-equivalent units denote the concepts typical of English-language legal doctrines.
The article is focused on the analysis of structural-semantic features of buzzwords and relating to them problem of interlingual lacunarity in two kinds of professional discourse – business and political-legal discourse. Buzzwords are understood as a special category of lexical units which emerge die to the need of nominating new culture-specific elements, tendencies and trends, as well as attaching novelty to existing in the language phenomena. The study relevance is stipulated by the common understanding that buzzwords represent the newest layer of modern English vocabulary reflecting the most recent changes currently happening in the English language under the influence of modern socio-political processes. The authors draw attention to a close relation between buzzwords and interlingual lacunarity as buzzwords do not have laconic variants of translation, thus demanding the use of various techniques of direct translation such as borrowing, calque and literal translation. Special emphasis is put on some word formation models, according to which many buzzwords are formed. Such word formation methods include affixation, abbreviation, blending and metaphoric transfer. Having considered the results of the research, the authors come to conclusion that different word formation models prevail in different kinds of discourse, as well as different direct translation techniques can be applied to translate them from English into Russian. For political-legal discourse more widespread word formation models include affixation, abbreviation and metaphoric transfer, whereas in business discourse, alongside with abbreviation, blending is also widely used. The most common translation technique is literal translation, sometimes together with other methods. For instance, while translating buzzwords belonging to political-legal sphere, in particular, those formed by affixation using the suffix -ism and the prefix post-, it is possible to provide borrowing as the translation of the new word. Nevertheless, further such borrowed lexical unit will demand additional explanation which is usually represented by the literal translation of its definition. Lack of equivalents of buzzwords in lexicographic sources in Russian proves the fact that they belong to the category of interlingual lexical gaps.
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