The aim of this article is to increase the nutritional value of soybean meal while reducing the content of antinutrients by microbial fermentation of soybean meal with a mixed culture of probiotic microorganisms (Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) at two different hydromodules. The addition of microorganisms increased the content of easily digestible protein and amine nitrogen in fermented soybean meal (30:110 and 30:130, hydromodulus soybean meal:water) while decreasing urease activity (hydromodulus 30:110). The positive effect of microbial fermentation on the mineral composition of soybean meal was demonstrated. The ability of microorganisms in the fermentation process to increase the content of protein, essential amino acids, and macro- and microelements in soybean meal while decreasing anti-nutritional factors opens up possibilities for using this technology to advance animal husbandry.
The lignocellulosic perennial crop miscanthus, especially Miscanthus × giganteus, is particularly interesting for bioenergy production as it combines high biomass production with low environmental impact. However, there are several varieties that pose a hazard due to susceptibility to disease. This review contains links showing genotype and ecological variability of important characteristics related to yield and biomass composition of miscanthus that may be useful in plant breeding programs to increase bioenergy production. Some clones of Miscanthus × giganteus and Miscanthus sinensis are particularly interesting due to their high biomass production per hectare. Although the compositional requirements for industrial biomass have not been fully defined for the various bioenergy conversion processes, the lignin-rich species Miscanthus × giganteus and Miscanthus sacchariflorus seem to be more suitable for thermochemical conversion processes. At the same time, the species Miscanthus sinensis and some clones of Miscanthus × giganteus with low lignin content are of interest for the biochemical transformation process. The species Miscanthus sacchariflorus is suitable for various bioenergy conversion processes due to its low ash content, so this species is also interesting as a pioneer in breeding programs. Mature miscanthus crops harvested in winter are favored by industrial enterprises to improve efficiency and reduce processing costs. This study can be attributed to other monocotyledonous plants and perennial crops that can be used as feedstock for biofuels.
During the cultivation and harvesting of fruit and vegetables, a large number of microorganisms accumulate on their surface. Their active and excessive reproduction leads to spoilage of products. The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of combining various packaging technologies with different biopreservatives on the stability of physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of fresh vegetables and fruit during storage. Samples of fruit and vegetable products (apples, tomatoes) were subjected to the following procedures: packaging without treatment, treatment with a mixture of bacteriocin-like substances and packaging with or without modifi ed atmosphere. Packaged samples were stored in a refrigerator at a temperature of 4°C for 25 days. The bacteriocin-like substances in combination with modifi ed atmosphere reduced the contamination of samples by pathogenic microorganisms at least 4 times while maintaining the quality characteristics of the fruit during the storage period. A biopreservative in combination with modifi ed atmosphere can be used to control microbial spoilage and to keep fruit and vegetables fresh after harvest.
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