The paper presents the results of the analysis of the usefulness of the mineral composition of diets and the effectiveness of the use of mineral and vitamin supplements in feeding cows of different technological groups. The analysis showed that the amount of calcium and phosphorus in the diets was close to the norm. Extremely high concentrations of elements such as magnesium, potassium and sodium were noted with an obvious lack of chlorine and sulfur. The cation-anion balance was positive: the range of indicators ranged from 14.98 to 23.49 and a tendency to increase this indicator by the end of lactation was revealed. The ratio of calcium and phosphorus, as well as potassium and sodium did not exceed the established norms. For most of the trace elements, the excess of the recommended norms was determined, which can be justified due to the low digestibility of trace elements in the body of cows.
The paper presents the results of studies of the physiological state of stallions and their reproductive function in respect of the season, and according to blood samples the mechanisms of their physiological processes are adjusted using the ultrafine metal-polymer composition “iron-copper-zinc”. According to such biochemical blood parameters of stallions as total protein and its fractions: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and α-amylase, significant differences in the seasonal aspect were revealed. A number of features of blood morphology in connection with the season were noted. These were an increase in the concentration of erythrocytes, leucocytes, hemoglobin, eosinophils and lymphocytes in spring. An increase in the concentration of testosterone, the main populations of lymphocytes and subpopulations of T cells in the blood of stallions in the spring-summer period was established. The positive effect of the composition of nanosized metals on metabolic and enzymatic processes was revealed.
The article presents the results of the analysis and substantiation of changes in the mineral composition of the blood serum of cows of different technological groups and physiological state. It was revealed that the level of zinc in the blood of all studied animals was lower than the normative indicator. Cows with relatively high productivity (8,000 kg of milk and above) also had a lack of potassium, and cows of the 3rd lactation and older had a lack of magnesium. In addition, an increased content of phosphorus and chlorides in the blood serum of almost all studied animals was revealed.
The paper presents the results of the analysis of demographic and medico-social data characterizing the dynamics of morbidity and mortality from environmental diseases, in particular, diseases of the cardiovascular system. The trend of negative natural population growth was revealed, amounting to -6.9 per 1,000 persons by 2019. The number of patients with cardiovascular diseases was 13 817,4 persons, with the overwhelming majority of the working-age population (9020,2 persons). Ischemic heart disease had the largest share in the structure of the studied diseases (62,25 %). There was also a decrease in life expectancy over the past 30 years and an increase in mortality of young and middle-aged people.
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