Carboniferous deposits in Moscow are composed of interlaying carbonate and clay-marl massifs. The roof of Carboniferous deposits occurs at a depth 5–150 m below the surface. It has been affected by several generations of river erosion. Carbonate layers consist mainly of limestones karstified to a different extent. Suffosion development in overlaying sandy-clayey and sandy horizons resulting in karst-suffosion sinkholes and surface subsidence are related to the ancient buried karst forms. The geological map of Carboniferous deposits is compiled to a scale of 1: 10 000 for the entire territory of Moscow. The map shows the geological structure at the roof of Carboniferous deposits. It also displays the spatial distribution of various stratigraphical and lithological series of Carboniferous system, the subcrop topography of the Carboniferous deposits and thalwegs of pre-Jurassic and pre-Pleistocene (pre-glacial) buried river valleys and gullies. The specifics of karst development in Carboniferous limestone massifs are studied. Karstification and fracturing distribution is analysed in connection with the ancient topography. The geological map of Carboniferous deposits is one of the principal maps for compiling the map of karst and karst-suffosion hazard and the map of engineering geological zoning of Moscow.
The paper scrutinizes the role of internal geodynamics of Earth, technogenesis and global climate changes in the context of aggravating hazardous natural processes on the Earth. Intensification of geohazards due to a number of techno-natural factors requires the elaboration of a new strategy of modern civilization development based on keeping the balance between the human economic activity and the environment protection. The strategy of living with natural disasters based on the assessment of natural risks of socioeconomic losses is discussed. The procedure of natural risk assessment is exemplified by the map of complex individual natural risk for population of the Russian Federation with the account of earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, snow avalanches, landslides, and mudflows. The necessity of developing the scientifically grounded policy of human technogenic activity based on the principle of technogenesisenvironment coevolution is reported. KEYWORDS: Technogenesis; global climate change; internal geodynamics of the Earth; hazardous technonatural processes; risk assessment.
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