The subject matter of the article is method for detecting potential zones of forest tracts spontaneous combustion using remote sensing data of the Earth. Aim of the article is to show how to increase the speed of decision-making to prevent negative consequences caused by spontaneous combustion of forest areas without a source of fire brought in from outside. The object of the research is a comprehensive analysis of the aerogeodesic monitoring data and contact measurements to identify and localize on the satellite images areas with high fire potential in the presence of a fire source directly in the territory of a possible fire. The methods used are the positions of general physics and higher geodesy, the basics of digital image processing and thematic interpretation. Results of research. The main factors affecting the process of autoignition of forest tracts are analyzed. A method of aerogeodetic monitoring, which is based on a map of thunderstorm activity, is presented. Method is based on remote observations of thunderstorms. At the same time, the map reflects the position of active thunderstorm cells in space and the projection of their coordinates on the geodetic map of the forest and is also a route for the purposeful search and elimination of local sources of fire. In order to be able to make quick decisions related to the prevention of negative consequences, an approach is used in which thunder cells are diagnosed for the purpose of assessing fire hazard by their ability to activate the process of origin of local sources of fire. In this case, we consider such controlled parameters as -the intensity of the electric field of the thunderstorm cell and the coordinates of its spatial position with respect to the forest area. Conclusion: to identify the origination of local sources of fire in the localization of possible autoignition zones, a relationship of thunderstorm clouds with the formation of the CCD was established. Aerogeodesic monitoring of the CCD is the basis for the operative estimates obtaining of the current object state of observation and prediction of the fire hazard level. The negative impact of forest fires on climate change, both local and global, is quite significant. Insufficient knowledge of this aspect requires further collection of material and its analysis, together with little-known "indirect" factors that cause spontaneous combustion of forest tracts and their individual sites.
The ecological state deterioration of the of the Western Bug river basin poses a direct threat to the environment and residents of Poland, Ukraine, Belarus and the Baltic countries. Therefore, the study topic is relevant and many scientists and scientific organizations are concerned with this problem. For example, the Western Bug basin environmental status analysis that was performed by Hagemann N.
This paper explores the specifics of working with geospatial data when making decisions about the current environmental status of objects based on Earth space monitoring data. The expediency of sharing statistical data, Earth remote sensing data, and contact measurements is displayed. An analysis of the specifics of this approach to solving the problems of complex processing of multi-temporal a priori data obtained by various shooting equipment was carried out. The existing methods for combining such data are analyzed and possible options for reducing temporary resources and reducing requirements for information resources when working with large volumes of information are considered. It is appropriate to use the method of hierarchical partitioning of multi-temporal image data or images of the analyzed areas obtained at the same time, but from different satellites taking into account the specifics of the shooting equipment and subject to their correspondence to the given a priori geospatial information. One of the criteria for hierarchical partitioning is the identification of areas of greatest correspondence with a priori data with their geographical reference in satellite imagery to reduce the localization time of the corresponding zones throughout the analyzed image array. The economic application effect of this method is substantiated by reducing the computational complexity of costly pattern matching processes, as well as performance improvement of change determination algorithms in topological and geometric characteristics of these objects. An algorithm is shown for detecting changes in heterogeneity in images based on the result of overlay operations with time-differentiated satellite imagery. To confirm the adequacy of the proposed method, the results of its practical implementation are shown on the Ukraine-Poland border area. A comparative analysis of the obtained results with real data is carried out.
Ab s t r a c t. The main pollution factors that influence the change in the ecological state of the eastern territories of Ukraine bordering with occupied are analyzed. The dynamics of changes in the level of concentration of pollutants due to flooding of mines, river pollution and rupture of shells has been revealed. The use of the Monte Carlo method at the stage of mathematical modeling is justified to determine the trend of changes in the ecological state of the monitoring object, based on which cartographic pollution models are constructed. Preconditions are examined that demonstrate the need to develop a new method for increasing the efficiency of decision-making in order to reduce the negative impact of changes in the ecosystems of border regions as a result of the impact of hostilities. The possibility of solving the problem was investigated by the methods of mathematical analysis, mathematical statistics, methods of cartography and GIS analysis. Visualization of research results is presented in the form of cartographic models in accordance with different levels of concentration of pollutants.
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