Extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL E. coli) strains are of major concern because few antibiotics remain active against these bacteria. We investigated the association between the fecal relative abundance (RA) of ESBL-producing E. coli (ESBL-RA) and the occurrence of ESBL E. coli urinary tract infections (UTIs). The first stool samples passed after suspicion of UTI from 310 women with subsequently confirmed E. coli UTIs were sampled and tested for ESBL-RA by culture on selective agar. Predictive values of ESBL-RA for ESBL E. coli UTI were analyzed for women who were not exposed to antibiotics when the stool was passed. ESBL E. coli isolates were characterized for ESBL type, phylogroup, relatedness, and virulence factors. The prevalence of ESBL E. coli fecal carriage was 20.3%, with ESBL E. coli UTIs being present in 12.3% of the women. The mean ESBL-RA (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 13-fold higher in women exposed to antibiotics at the time of sampling than in those not exposed (14.3% [range, 5.6% to 36.9%] versus 1.1% [range, 0.32% to 3.6%], respectively; P < 0.001) and 18-fold higher in women with ESBL E. coli UTI than in those with another E. coli UTI (10.0% [range, 0.54% to 100%] versus 0.56% [range, 0.15% to 2.1%[, respectively; P < 0.05). An ESBL-RA of <0.1% was 100% predictive of a non-ESBL E. coli UTI. ESBL type, phylogroup, relatedness, and virulence factors were not found to be associated with ESBL-RA. In conclusion, ESBL-RA was linked to the occurrence of ESBL E. coli UTI in women who were not exposed to antibiotics and who had the same clone of E. coli in urine samples and fecal samples. Especially, a low ESBL-RA appeared to be associated with a low risk of ESBL E. coli infection.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global health. Understanding the emergence, evolution, and transmission of individual antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is essential to develop sustainable strategies combatting this threat. Here, we use metagenomic sequencing to analyse ARGs in 757 sewage samples from 243 cities in 101 countries, collected from 2016 to 2019. We find regional patterns in resistomes, and these differ between subsets corresponding to drug classes and are partly driven by taxonomic variation. The genetic environments of 49 common ARGs are highly diverse, with most common ARGs carried by multiple distinct genomic contexts globally and sometimes on plasmids. Analysis of flanking sequence revealed ARG-specific patterns of dispersal limitation and global transmission. Our data furthermore suggest certain geographies are more prone to transmission events and should receive additional attention.

New zinc (II), copper (II), nickel (II) and cobalt (III) complexes, [Zn (HL)2]I2 (1), [Cu (HL)Cl2] (2), [Cu (HL)Br2] (3), [Cu (HL)(H2O)2](ClO4)2 (4), [Ni (HL)2]I2·H2O (5), [Co(L)2]Cl (6), [Co(L)2]NO3 (7), [Co(L)2]I·[Co(L)2](I3) (8) were obtained with 2‐formylpyridine 4‐allyl‐S‐methylisothiosemicarbazone (HL). The isothiosemicarbazone ligand was characterized by NMR (1H and 13C), IR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. All the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV–Vis, ESI‐MS spectroscopy, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility measurements. X‐ray diffraction analysis on the monocrystal and powder elucidated the structure of the complexes 1, 5, 7 and 8. The ligand and the complexes were tested for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans. Also, the antiproliferative properties of these compounds on human leukemia HL‐60, human cervical epithelial HeLa, human epithelial pancreatic adenocarcinoma BxPC‐3, human muscle rhabdomyosarcoma spindle, large multinucleated RD cells and normal MDCK cells have been investigated. The nickel complex 5 and cobalt complexes 6, 7 showed promising antiproliferative activity and low toxicity.

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