Ensuring the microbiological safety of food products is a problem of current interest. The use of antimicrobial packaging materials is a way of solving the problem. When developing packaging materials, it is advisable to use a modern approach based on the creation of biodegradable materials. The difficulty in the selection of the polymer compositions’ components lies in solving the dilemma of the joint introduction and processing of antimicrobial and biodegradable agents. The studies of the ultrasound treatment on the melts of polymer mixtures showed an increase in the dispersion process of the components of the mixture. In this regard, this work aimed to study the effect of the ultrasonic treatment on the melts of polymer compositions containing thermoplastic starch and birch bark extract (BBE). In the work, the properties of PE-based packaging materials with various BBE concentrations obtained with ultrasonic treatment of melts on a laboratory extruder were studied. Biodegradable polymer compositions containing thermoplastic starch and BBE, obtained with the use of the ultrasonic treatment during extrusion, were investigated. The methods for studying rheological, physic-mechanical, antimicrobial properties and sanitary chemical indicators of materials were used in the article. It was found that ultrasonic treatment increases the melt flow and contributes to the production of materials with the uniform distribution of additives. The BBE content from 1.0% and higher in the contents of the material provides antimicrobial properties. When studying the permeability of oxygen and water vapor of the polymer compositions based on PE and BBE, it was found that the introduction of a filler increases vapor permeability by about 8–12% compared with control samples. The optimal concentration of BBE in polyethylene compositions containing thermoplastic starch was determined. The extension of the shelf life of the food product during storage in the developed material was established.
Particular attention is paid to biodegradable materials from the environmental point of view and antimicrobial materials that ensure the microbiological safety of packaged products. The aim of the work was to study the properties of the composition, based on biodegradable polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) and the antimicrobial additive—birch bark extract (BBE). Test samples of materials were obtained on the laboratory extruder by extrusion with ultrasonic treatment of the melt. The concentration of the antimicrobial additive in the polymer matrix was 1 wt %. A complex research was carried out to study the structural, physico–mechanical characteristics, antimicrobial properties and biodegradability of the modified PBAT. Comparative assessment of the physico–mechanical characteristics of samples based on PBAT showed that the strength and elongation at break indices slightly decrease when the ultrasonic treatment of the melt is introduced. It was found out, that the antimicrobial additive in the composition of the polymer matrix at the concentration of 1 wt % has a static effect on the development of microorganisms on the surface of the studied modified films. Studies of the biodegradability of modified PBAT by composting for 4 months have shown that the decomposition period of modified materials increased, compared to pure PBAT. The developed modified polymer material can be recommended as an alternative replacement for materials based on polyethylene for food packaging.
Nowadays the problem of polymeric and bio-degradable materials producing aimed at the load decrease of the environment is paid more and more attention. The development and study of such materials are the main research priorities. In the field of polymeric and biodegradable materials producing the research of biocomposites on the basis of natural and synthetic polymers is made. A lot of attention is paid to questions of composition modification for the activation of the polymer matrix destruction. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of ultrasonic machining on the properties of polyolefinic starch-containing compositions and to get compositions with the accelerated period of biodestruction. The following materials were chosen for the research: polyethylene, polypropylene and starch as a filler. As the result of the performed research the following conclusions can be done: 1) the increase of the starch loading brings to the decrease of the physical and mechanical properties; 2) the effect of the ultrasonic machining on polymeric compositions increases deformative and strength properties, and helps to accelerate the process of destruction.
Рассматривается проблема получения полимерных материалов с заданными эксплуатационными свойствами для использования их в качестве упаковочных. Цель работы – экспериментальное определение влияния электретного состояния упаковочных полимерных пленок на сохранность мясных продуктов. Предложен способ физической модификации поверхности полиэтиленовой пленки воздействием коронного разряда для защиты и сохранения потребительских свойств мясных продуктов (тушки цыплят). Проведен анализ антимикробных свойств исследуемой пленки. Для изучения модифицированных упаковочных полимерных материалов использовали следующие методы. Микробиологические исследования проводили в соответствии с ГОСТ 7702.2.0-2016 Продукты убоя птицы, полуфабрикаты из мяса птицы и объекты окружающей производственной среды. Методы отбора проб и подготовка к микробиологическим исследованиям. Определение стойкости полимерного материала к действию химических сред (модельным средам) проводили по ГОСТ 12020-72 Пластмассы. Методы определения стойкости к действию химических сред. Выяснили, что электретное состояние пленок замедляет развитие микроорганизмов, вызывающих порчу продуктов питания. Увеличение линейной скорости движения обрабатываемого материала, а, следовательно, уменьшение степени воздействия коронного разряда на материал приводит к увеличению уровня КМАФАнМ. Увеличение интенсивности воздействия коронного разряда на пленки в большей степени снижает уровень КМАФАнМ в тушках цыплят, упакованных в такие пленки.
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