This work is devoted to the development of mathematical models that make it possible to generalize the data obtained in the multicriteria assessment of alternatives when making decisions under certainty conditions. A typical problem in multi-criteria assessment is the integration of particular criteria-based assessments of alternatives into some integral indicator reflecting the degree of attractiveness of alternatives. Traditionally, for these purposes, an additive method was used, which consists in the fact that the final assessment of the alternative is the sum of the assessments by the criteria, possibly multiplied by the weights of the criteria. However, this approach has a number of significant disadvantages, which include the following. When evaluating alternatives, such an indicator of their validity as feasibility is not taken into account, which leads to a distortion of the result due to too simple or difficult criteria. Evaluations of alternatives by qualitative and attributive criteria are subjective, since they are obtained by expert methods, which introduces subjectivity into the integral assessment of the alternative. The integral assessment of an alternative depends on the composition and number of assessed alternatives and on the set of assessment criteria. To eliminate the second drawback, a model for evaluating qualitative alternatives is proposed, which implies the introduction of a certain numerical indicator for a qualitative criterion, which for each alternative have a different meaning, while the attractiveness of the alternative depends on the indicator value. The set of alternatives in relation to the indicator is considered fuzzy, with the belonging function depending on the indicator.
The paper proposes a model for assessing the degree of conformity of an object to a standard type. Evaluation is based on criteria based on identification signs. The model is based on the Rasch’s method of estimating latent variables. This is due to the fact that the degree of belonging of the evaluated objects to the sample is a latent variable. An original method is proposed, which assumes that indicators that allow identification are distributed according to the normal law. This allows us to estimate the average deviations of indicators from a given value and, taking into account the variance, to assess the degree of belonging of the object to the original. The obtained estimates are compared with the estimates obtained by traditional methods. Using computational experiments, it is shown that the model provides adequate estimates and can be used for identification. The method of implementation of computational procedures in MS Excel is described. The advantages of the described identification model are given in comparison with traditional models that solve this problem.
Housing and communal services is one of the leading branches of the municipal economy at the present time, the quality of life of the population directly depends on the effectiveness of its development. Despite the high level of development of many socio-economic entities in the Russian Federation, in the housing and public utilities sector today there is no uniform effective methodology for assessing ongoing activities. Creating a universal methodology for assessing regional authorities in the implementation of measures to reform housing and communal services can be an important element in the information management of the industry. The scientific paper uses mathematical tools to build effective mechanisms for the functioning of programmes for housing and public utilities.The purpose of this study is a theoretical justification, the creation of an effective mechanism to maintain the economic balance in the housing sector.In this case, effective monitoring of management companies is considered as an important element of the economic mechanism of management of housing and public utilities, which will improve the quality of public services and ensure the level of satisfaction of the population.
A technique is proposed for determining a comprehensive indicator of the quality of technological processes in construction. The implementation of the methodology is considered on the example of the process of excavation at the site, using statistical methods of product quality control and data analysis of acceptance control of work.
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