The article deals with the issues of cyber security and cybercrime in the digital society. The areas for improving international cooperation to ensure the security of the Internet are proposed. Digitized society is being implemented around the world at a high rate and offers significant benefits for the development of both society as a whole and its individual components. At the same time, a factor that has a negative impact on this development is cybercrime. The article explores the current state and main trends of cybercrime, including its organized forms. The legislative and organizational measures are proposed to counter cybercrime, the leading role of international cooperation is emphasized, including the rapid exchange of electronic data to detect and investigate cybercrime.
The article focuses on counteraction to corruption offences in Ukraine and the EU. To this end, the authors conducted a consistent analysis of international legal acts in the field of combating corruption, in particular the United Nations Convention against Corruption of 10/31/2003; Council of Europe Criminal Convention for the Suppression of Corruption (ETS 173) No. ETS173 of 01/27/1999; Resolutions (97)24 of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on the Twenty Guiding Principles for the Fight against Corruption, etc. The study provides a systemic analysis of individual cases of experience in counteraction to corruption offences in EU countries. Experience of Great Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Sweden, etc. is explored. The authors proved that all EU countries provide criminal liability for committing corruption offences. In different countries, criminal laws differ in the different levels of detailing of crime, as well as in the different content of the concept of corruption offence. It is proven that corruption must always be considered as criminal offence only. Today, such unambiguity is advisable in the fight against corruption in Ukraine, where the criminalization of a number of blatantly corrupt practices, such as unjust enrichment, lasts for a long period and is ambiguously effective. The article also concludes that the most effective approach of legal support for combating corruption is one that covers criminal prosecution, disclosure of information about public authorities and private entities, their income levels, their wealth, etc., as well as the interaction of law enforcement agencies with the fiscal authorities. On the example of EU countries, we showed that monitoring of financial information of public officials under the private and public laws with the proper level of analytical support for its processing provides the necessary basis for law enforcement agencies to initiate criminal proceedings for such crimes. Special attention is also paid to expanding the scope of administrative services provided by public officials as being covered by the attributes of corruption and lacking legislative support. This will significantly increase the level of transparency of the activity of public authorities, while reducing the level of corruption manifestations. An important conclusion of the article is that the effectiveness of criminal prosecution for committing corruption offences depends on the level of legal culture and the level of legal awareness of both the public and public servants.
The article examines the scale of involvement of Transnational Organized Criminal Groups (TOCG) in committing acts of corruption, and their related criminal cooperation with Transnational Corporations (TNCs) 1 , as well as public relations in this sphere, in particular on the example of Ukraine. It suggests a solution to the problem of transnational corruption crime, in particular, applying the theory of social naturalism. The ultimate goal of the article is to analyze the problem of transnational corruption as a "factor of social instability" and to introduce this term into scientific circulation in this context. The article uses such methods of scientific knowledge as induction and deduction, as well as philosophical and phenomenological methods. According to research, the mafia now operates on the same scale and as effectively as global corporate groups. Corporations can be compared with the governments of states in terms of their influence on the economy of the state and the adoption of appropriate decisions. The authors state that the measures taken by individual states to counter the pressure of powerful TNCs have not yet led to the achievement of these goals. Financial and industrial elites, in turn, with the help of TOCG, try to impose their own order on societies that are not yet ready due to differences in culture, history, laws, social order, mentality, etc. It is emphasized in the article that the level of transnational organized crime and corruption cannot yet be significantly reduced in local societies due to the fact that the goals of elites and certain states simply do not coincide. Nowadays we can note a significant number of symptoms, in particular -the existence of such a phenomenon as transnational corruption, which indicates that we have a crisis of social order in the world. The corruption used by the TNCs is a mandatory feature that allows, among other features, to distinguish transnational organized crime from other types of criminal activity. We can note such a feature of TOCG as a criminal symbiosis with TNCs, which is considered as a violation of public order that leads to a corresponding regression. Progress in minimizing transnational corruption can be achieved, in particular, with the help of social naturalism, through the application of the postulates of which it is possible to counteract the current manifestations of willfulness and illusions that exist today in all spheres of social life, including politics, economics, morality, religion, science, art, law, etc. The study proves that in the modern world, against the 1 The concept of transnational corporations is given in the Convention on Transnational Corporations, ratified by Ukraine on July 13, 1999, under № 921-XIV.
Introduction. In accordance with the requirements of time the staffing of public institutions must take into account current trends in the integration and strengthening of gender equality policy, so there is a timely need for systematic integration of gender issues. The question of gender, gender equality, gender equality problems, and the effective mechanism of its providing, is all no longer acquired to actuality in the world and in Ukraine. A review of the legislative provision of the gender approach and analysis of the institutional support for the implementation of the state gender policy is presented. Methodology. The solution of the research tasks was carried out using general scientific methods: benchmarking study and synthesis (for systematisation and generalisation of legislative support for the introduction of gender equality in Ukraine), classification (for the description of the institutional ensuring for the implementation of the state gender policy), abstracting, analysis and synthesis (for the development recommendations on mechanisms and means of improving the state gender policy in Ukraine). Results and conclusions. According to the results of the research, recommendations were made for the modernization of the state gender policy, which envisage further improvement of the Ukrainian legislation in accordance with the European requirements for gender equality; integrating the gender perspective into all state plans and programmes; ensuring favourable conditions for women to participate in social development management processes.
The article deals with the main problems of criminal characteristics of electronic money and payments as instruments of crime. The article reveals the economic and legal nature of electronic money (e-money). The features of e-money and its relation to electronic payments are identified. It is proved that intensive development of the IT sector results in an increasing replacement of cash by cashless methods of payment, and e-money is required for making payments online. E-money is previously created in all cases where they are stored on an electronic device and are used as means of payment, therefore they significantly reduce the level of abuse against property. Criminals in the real estate leasing sector use it as a tool when they commit cybercrime - a new place that has been transformed into a powerful source using for crime. Particular attention in this article is paid to the criminal characteristics of electronic money as an instrument of crime. Electronic money has been updated to account for a significant number of offending characters, while these crimes operate in free currency from a non-supported market and move to electronic services, they are used, and may be joined by warehouse resources, which require a criminal law level. It also indicates that e-money is being received by its billing service, and then can be exploited by attackers to trick owners who have already participated in their work. Through this process, using e-money and electronic payment is almost legal and covers the concept of legality. It is disclosed that the main complexity in detecting malicious tools creates electronic money, which makes it difficult to track the traces of such crime, which uses its delays in cyber space. The author also reveals an accurate view of electronic money resources, such as what is more likely to be abused, which is an additional element of criminal execution qualification.
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