Introduction. In agricultural production during transportation of goods it is accepted to allocate transport and transport-technological processes with the corresponding methods of rationing works. The peculiarity of the processes is the sequential execution of cyclic operations, providing transportation of technological material to the destination directly or with preliminary collection (subsequent distribution) on the field. At the same time, if the goods are moved directly between points, excluding technological (field) operations, this process can be considered a purely transport one, a special case of the transport and technological process. In this regard, it is proposed to consider this process as a component of the transport and technological process, which in turn requires correcting the applied methods for setting performance standards. The aim of the study is to develop a mathematical model and algorithm for standardizing the calculation of the performance of different vehicles and transport and technological facilities through formulating the dependence of the performance components on the power of the said facilities as their main classifier. Materials and Methods. The performance standards were identified by the extrapolation, interpolation or approximation methods based on their estimated performance. The classical method of differentiating functions was used to find the extrema. Результаты исследования.At length of fertilizer transportation by direct-flow technology LГ = 9 km and application dose U = 0.06 kg/m2, the following values of transport and technological facilities performance have been obtained: a) for vehicles to deliver fertilizers to fertilizer storehouses by Ural-432065 truck (body) W = 9.1 t/h, W = 6.3 t/h for tractor with MTZ-82 trailer. 1+2PTS-6; b) for transport and technological facilities to transport and distribute fertilizers by Ural-432065 (Amazone spreader) W = 5.5 t/h, W = 3.9 t/h for tractor with MTZ-82.1+RUM-6 trailer. Discussion and Conclusion. Based on the analysis of methods, the authors have made the case for the unification of calculating the standardized volumes of works, choice of composition, and comparison of the effectiveness of using vehicles, if they are used as transport and transport-technological facilities. A mathematical model and algorithm for a uniform calculation of the performance of different transport and technological facilities are presented. The way to determine the approximate rate of generation of funds that do not have standard indicators of work. The explanation of the innovations is accompanied by a formula device, which is based on the conclusion of the dependencies of out- and in-cycle components of the shift time balance on the engine power of the mobile device. The block diagram of the algorithm to calculate performance standards for vehicles is illustrated. The implementation of the algorithm is given by the example of using a specialized vehicle for transport and transport-technological operations.
Productivity is one of the important performance indicators of transport and transport-technological vehicles. The authors confirmed the necessity to unify this indicator calculations for an extensive range of agricultural goods and extensive works on their movement. (Research purpose) To develop universal interconnected stages of detecting the operational productivity of transport and transport-technological vehicles when performing mechanized work in crop production. (Materials and methods) The values of operational performance were determined based on the analysis of norm-forming factors and statistical processing. A systematic approach was used to identifying individual elements of the cargo transportation cycle. The authors studied each of the methodological approaches and the mathematical tools used to calculate the performance indicators of various technical devices. (Results and discussion) After a step-by-step modeling of transport and transport-technological processes, a unified formula of the target function (optimality criterion) was obtained. Having implemented a more convenient calculation algorithm and having transformed the mathematical apparatus, the authors obtained the vehicle production rates for the transportation of mineral fertilizers to the place of their application. (Conclusions) The authors implemented a detailed mathematical description of the transport and transport-technological process stages. They identified the functional relationships between operational parameters and production and agrolandscape conditions. A universal algorithm was developed making it possible to determine the values of the operational performance for transport and transport-technological vehicles. The authors determined the values of the coefficient enabling the unification and comparison of the algorithm for identifying the production rates for transport and transport-technological work. It was found out that with an increase in the length of transportation from 3 to 54 kilometers, this coefficient increases 3.8 times. This variation was explained by an increase in the purely transport phase of the process.
The analysis of transport and transport-technological means is carried out both by types of work performed, and in the context of transport types – tractor and automobile. As a result of mathematical data processing, the structure of the nomenclature of agricultural goods was described, the share components of transport and transport-technological processes, peak periods of transport support of production processes were determined. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to study the nomenclature of agricultural goods and materials necessary to ensure the implementation of the activities of modern agricultural producers, to analyze transport and transport-technological processes associated with the production of crop production on the example of a typical farm of JSC «Zelenogradskoye», taking into account the production and agro-landscape conditions of the Moscow region. (Materials and methods) The article presents the detailed analysis of the transport support of agricultural production processes in the implementation of transport tasks in the conditions of the Moscow region. The article describes the justification that the studied farm matches with the average indicators of production and agro-landscape conditions of the Moscow region. (Results and discussion) The nomenclature of goods was determined based on the study of the transport support of technological processes of JSC Zelenogradskoye, consisting of 165 types used in the production activities of the enterprise, as well as construction works. Tractor transport unit (58.6 percent) and motor transport (41.4 percent) were used for cargo transport and technological processes as mobile energy means. The analysis of the change in the volume of cargo transportation by month by various modes of transport showed that there is a correlation of graphs. The share of tractor transport operation is higher in winter, which is explained by the poor condition of roads connecting rural areas. (Conclusions) The study of transport processes makes it possible to understand and determine the complex structure of the interaction of various, constantly changing production factors, and optimize the line of vehicles with reasonable parameters for the effective performance of transport and technological processes in agricultural production.
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