A dual-class share structure creates a separation between cash flow rights and voting rights. Dual-class firms impact audit fees through their effect on supply/demand for auditing. This article examines the association between audit fees and dual-class share structure for U.S. public firms. We find that a dual-class share structure is associated with lower audit fees compared to single-class firms. Further, within dual-class firms, we find that the divergence between cash flow rights and voting rights is negatively associated with audit fees. The results are consistent with the managerial incentive-alignment effect and/or the insulation effect of a dual-class share structure on the supply/demand for audit services. This study highlights that the ownership structure of a firm constitutes an important role in audit pricing.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to explain the poor informativeness of earnings in dual-class firms by examining the quality of earnings and the information environment. Design/methodology/approach The earnings informativeness, earnings quality and information environment of dual-class firms are compared with a matched sample of single-class firms. The authors have performed the returns-earnings association tests, examine the quality of earnings by using proxies for discretionary accruals, and examine the information environment by employing four empirical constructs: the analyst forecast dispersion, absolute forecast errors, Amihud’s (2002) illiquidity measure, and the bid-ask spread. Findings The results show that the quality of earnings is better while the quality of the information environment is worse in dual-class firms compared to single-class firms. Overall, the results suggest that an inferior information environment is a plausible explanation for the low informativeness of dual-class firms’ earnings. Research limitations/implications The results provide empirical support for Dechow et al. (2010) that the use of the earnings-returns association measure to draw conclusions about the quality of earnings is not appropriate in the presence of a poor information environment. Originality/value This is the first study to empirically show that low earnings informativeness in dual-class firms can be explained by the inferior quality of the information environment.

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