У статті здійснено конструктивний аналіз самооцінки особистості, як важливого критерію становлення індивіда. Аргументовано, що самооцінка особистості є визначальним критерієм її індивідуальності, яка здійснює своє формування під дією та впливом різних чинників (Я-реальне і Я-ідеальне). Розкрито тріаду самооцінки: завищена, занижена та адекватна. Констатовано, що індивід не народжується із високою чи низькою самооцінкою, її формує оточуюче середовище.
The approaches to the interpretation of the concept of "demographic security" have been examined in this article, and it is established that some authors when defining "demographic security" focus on the preservation of quantitative and qualitative parameters of the population, others proceed from security concepts and emphasize protection from internal and external threats, and some others still take into account the impact of social institutions on the level of demographic security. Based on the results of the study, demographic security is proposed to consider as "the state of protection of the people's gene pool, demo-reproductive processes and the formation of demostructures (gender, age, ethnic) from real and potential threats to strengthen the national security of the state". Proceeding from this, the object of demographic security, its subjects and goal have been established. It is established that the assessment of the level of demographic security is determined depending on the purpose and depth of the study, and it itself is formed under the influence of various threats, both internal and external. The main threats to demographic security are characterized, among which the aging of the population is the most significant. The existing methods for determining the parameters of population aging are analyzed. The level of demographic aging of the population in Ukraine and in the countries of the European Union is studied. It is established that the main reasons for the population aging are decrease in the birth rate, increase in the average life expectancy of a person and reduce in the mortality rate of children and the elderly. Their level and dynamics and interrelation with the demographic security of the country are analyzed. The results of the study showed that in Ukraine the aging of the population takes place against the background of a significant decrease in birth rates, a partial increase in mortality and a corresponding deepening of the natural population decline. In the European Union, population aging is exacerbated by a slight decline in birth rates, increased mortality and reduced natural population growth. It has been established that the aging of the population entails the emergence of a number of demographic, social, economic, political and other problems. According to the results of the study, a system of measures to address the problems of population aging is proposed.
The paper deals with the main problems of international students’ study at higher educational institutions and the necessary university services, for example, propaedeutic training and foreign language courses that help foreigners to study successfully in an unfamiliar learning environment. The interpretation of psychological adaptation and academic adaptation is given based on the analysis of the issue source. The work explores specifics of adaptation and favorable conditions for international students in higher education, as well as identifies problems with the adaptation of foreigners in university education. Recommendations for psychological support of foreigners by advisors are given. The university services of the international students’ advisors and other university staff are analyzed concerning assistance on academic adaptation to the different educational system of the country and university requirements to studying. It is indicated that knowledge of the basics of psychology, features of personality psychotypes, and human adaptive abilities is very important for advisors to help students adapt to the academic requirements of a particular educational system. Advisors should act as a mediator to facilitate the learning process of students, taking into account individual worldviews and intellectual development, for example, while developing a personal curriculum and teaching time management. The work also highlights three main forms of counseling by their advisors as seminars, individual assistance or group work. Various student centers and university campus organizations are listed that help foreigners study and live in an unfamiliar academic environment. Keywords: psychological problems of adaptation, pedagogical basics, advisors, international student, university.
This article reveals the essence of the economization of political processes, the impact of government regulation on economic resources and relations between the political elite and businessmen, explains the conspiracy and involvement boss mine (coal) in several provincial elections (regents and governors) in South Kalimantan. The political processes related to election financing, features of local budgeting and regulation of the impact on economic resources are studied. Eighth, using funding sources of publications of local government activities covered in the activities of various agencies, especially public relations by installing advetorial or news paying the prospective incunbents in print media, electronics to online, paid at the rate per news or per month, with holding a mass media that provides space or duration for imaging or raises the popularity and electability. As is known, the political landscape of post Soeharto New Order government that gave birth to democracy and radical change in the institutions of power, namely from the centralized power-authoritarian system to a democratic system of government has spawned a democratic transition which was prolonged until today. In the midst of a prolonged transition to democracy at this time, the arena of democracy has been hijacked and the stage of political and economic power has been controlled by entrepreneurs or local and national capitalist power by doing pesekongkolan between candidates authorities or local authorities that one of them through the local election process. The businessmen are involved as a supplier of funds to the local authorities candidate to win as a form of money politics and transactional politics. In some cases the local elections in South Kalimantan, such as the election of the regent and the governor, political practice is utilized with clarity and has already become a political culture that is structured within massive post-New Order government. Therefore, democracy is being woken up in Indonesia after the New Order.
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