Authors' contributionWkład autorów: A. Study design/planning zaplanowanie badań B. Data collection/entry zebranie danych C. Data analysis/statistics dane -analiza i statystyki D. Data interpretation interpretacja danych E. Preparation of manuscript przygotowanie artykułu F. Literature analysis/search wyszukiwanie i analiza literatury G. Funds collection zebranie funduszy SummaryBackground. The objective of the study was to explore the dynamics of the functional state of the central nervous system (CNS) and neurophysiological processes of girls 16-18 years old in the context of their transition to a new level of social organization. Material and methods. The functional state of the CNS was studied in girls 16-18 years old in a state of relative muscular rest through observation of visible motive reactions, Loskutova's method, and in the fifth minute of renewal after the physical loading with variable power. Results. We found that 17 year-old girls had the best functional CNS capabilities. The reduced adaptive capacity of the CNS in 16 year-old girls is due to their necessity for adaptive reorganization of regulatory mechanisms to new social conditions: examinations and university entry. After physical activity, 16 and 18 year-old girls registered stress reactions, indicating decreased CNS adaptation. Conclusions. 17 year-old girls were observed at rest to have better CNS functionality compared to the other age groups. Analysis of the dynamics of the functional CNS states of 16-18 year-old girls after exercise resulted in the identification of two main reaction types: 1) reduction of the basic criteria at high initial values; 2) increase of criteria of a general functional state of a brain at low raw data. StreszczenieWprowadzenie. Celem pracy było zbadanie zmian funkcjonowania ośrodkowego układu nerwowego oraz specyfiki procesów neurofizjologicznych u dziewcząt w wieku 16-18 lat w wyniku przejścia na nowy poziom organizacji społecznej. Materiał i metody. Stan funkcjonowania ośrodkowego układu nerwowego był badany u dziewcząt w wieku 16-18 lat na podstawie przestojów widocznych reakcji motywacyjnych metodą T. Loskutova w stanie relatywnego odpoczynku mięśniowego i w piątej minucie odnowy po obciążeniu fizycznym o zmiennej mocy. Wyniki. Wyniki badań wykazały, że dziewczęta w wieku 17 lat miały najlepsze możliwości funkcjonalne ośrodkowego układu nerwowego. Zmniejszenie zdolności adaptacyjnych ośrodkowego układu nerwowego u dziewcząt w wieku 16 lat wynika z konieczności reorganizacji i przystosowania mechanizmów regulacyjnych do nowych warunków społecznych: egzaminów i przyjęcia na uniwersytet. Po aktywności fizycznej u dziewcząt w wieku 16 i 18 lat zaobserwowano reakcję stresową, która wskazuje na obniżenie mechanizmów adaptacyjnych ośrodkowego układu nerwowego. Wnioski. U dziewcząt w wieku 17 lat w stanie odpoczynku zaobserwowano lepsze funkcjonowanie ośrodkowego układu nerwowego w porównaniu z innymi grupami wiekowymi. Analiza zmian w stanie funkcjonowania ośrodkowego układu nerwowego u dziewcząt w wieku 16-18 lat...
The formation of post-industrial society and innovative changes in young peoples' occupation and rest, the transformation of the Ukrainian society affect the quality characteristics of physical culture. So it is quite natural that recent years in Ukraine are characterized by the active development of models of organization of physical training of university students. The most promising area of physical training optimization at higher educational institutions is searching for the creative and pedagogical educational model based on the international experience, which involves the humanization of subject-content basis, socio-cultural integration, professionally-oriented focus, the selectivity according to sports specialization, innovation activity of a teacher and the individualization of the educational process. The article is aimed at identifying the features of physical training of students at higher educational institutions basing on the review of the international experience and providing recommendations for its improvement. The review of the international experience in the organization of physical education makes it possible to identify different approaches to this process. It is quite clear that physical training is of the great importance in many countries because future graduates have to be highly skilled professionals with the high level of physical fitness. Under the current conditions higher educational institutions should implement a professionally-focused model of physical training organization (for 1 st -3 rd year students) in the form of mandatory physical classes in study time (1 day a week), extracurricular activities and recreational sports classes for students with health problems (twice a week) and for physical classes healthy students -2 times a week. 4 th -5 th year students should be engaged into individual and sectional elective physical classes. The chosen by an educational institution model of physical training organization should contribute to the increasing of motor activity of students, improving of their physical and mental working capacity. It should have positive impact on students' academic results; make them attend physical training classes with pleasure, do physical exercises at home in extracurricular time, etc.Keywords: physical education, model, student, higher educational institution, pedagogical process. Постановка проблемы. Сохранение здоровья при физических и эмоционально-психических нагруз-ках является актуальной задачей. Еще в конце XX века предполагалось, что длительные занятия спортом способствуют накоплению физических и психических сил, которые можно расходовать на активную соци-альную жизнь. Однако одной из причин нарушения здоровья даже у спортсменов студенческого возраста на фоне длительной и интенсивной физической ак-тивности может быть развитие синдрома «перетрени-рованности» -ответная психо-физиологическая реак-ция организма на чрезмерную тренировочную нагруз-ку. Данный синдром является комплексным и имеет ряд индивидуальных особенностей. Поскольку окон-
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