The article reveals the essence of credit risks, substantiates the necessity of their security in modern conditions, and also proves that the credit risk insurance should focus on protecting borrowers from risks that threaten their solvency. In the course of the study, different approaches to the division of the credit risk insurance are analyzed, and it is established that credit risks are a kind of financial risks which are a component of business risks, and the concept of "credit insurance" is identical to the concept of "insurance of credit risks" and includes the concept of "loans insurance". The article substantiates the classification of the credit insurance based on the allocation of various types of credit relations which are formed both with banks-creditors and between economic entities in the process of product sales, as well as makes the division of insurance services which are included in the credit insurance by types of loans. The research also offers the division of the credit insurance for various branches of insurance, the form of insurance, the duration of insurance contracts, and the method of organization of insurance protection. According to the research, it is concluded that a detailed study of the content and structure of the credit insurance has not only theoretical but also practical value, as it allows comparing different types of insurance coverage of credit risks and choosing the most optimal insurance.
The article substantiates the main theoretical and methodological principles of state regulation of innovation and entrepreneurship investment development. The purpose of the article is to form the conceptual foundations of state regulation of entrepreneurship innovation and investment development based on the development of new adaptation mechanisms under the conditions of transformational economic processes. The main characteristics of Ukrainian entrepreneurship have been highlighted, which determine its priority for the state economic policy in comparison with other spheres of economic activity. The main components of innovative and investment development of entrepreneurship, on which the attention of state authorities should be focused, have been substantiated, and the main goals of state regulation are highlighted. The main factors influencing the innovation and investment development of entrepreneurship have been identified, which include the level of corruption, the state's ability to provide preferential conditions for conducting business, and the state and prospects of state support for foreign economic activity. It has been substantiated that the synergistic approach directs the process of managing innovation and investment development in the direction of self-organization of complex systems, which includes the entrepreneurship sector with its complex multifunctional aspects of existence. Synergistic resources of innovation and investment development of entrepreneurship and their effective use completely depends on the actions of the state apparatus and the formed state policy in this direction. The mechanism of state regulation of innovation and investment development of entrepreneurship has been developed, its structure, tasks and functional content have been determined. Implementation of the mechanism is carried out by including a number of organizational and financial instruments. Among the organizational ones, it is advisable to single out the regulatory and legal and programmatic components, which relate to legal support and regulatory support of the implemented procedures. The financial component of the mechanism's instrumental support is a set of means of tax regulation and promotion of self-investment of entrepreneurship, as well as financial and investment instruments of state influence.
During the reformation of the railway and creation of its economic security, it is critical to study the organizational and economic fundamentals of the coverage of railway enterprises and define characteristic of formation of insurance relations between the railway enterprises and insurance companies. Improving the quality of insurance of the rail transport requires defining a legal framework regulating the coverage of railway enterprises, as well as presence of supervisory and control organisations that manage the implementation. Such organisations require a comprehensive application of financial, economic and organizational methods of regulation of relations in the relationship "railway company-insurer". This study aims to disclose the organizational and economic fundamentals of the formation of the system of insurance protection of railway enterprises and to identify the areas for improvement in the process of activation of the reformation of the railway transport. In order to achieve this goal, we outlined the characteristics of the formation of insurance relations between the railway and insurance companies and define the fundamental rules to be followed in the process of cooperation. To ensure the implementation of the proposed railway insurance framework, we suggest to create an office for securing the rail transport, which, by using alternative methods, forms and presents a package of requirements for governing related services to a potential insurance company. We propose the main criterion for the selection of the foundation of the office to be the readiness to satisfy the needs of a transport operator and consider the implementation of an individual approach for providing insurance services.
Within the article, the formation and transformation of credit behavior of households in the conditions of macroeconomic instability is examined. The research was conducted on the basis of the analysis of the features of economic development and the development of lending to households in Ukraine in 2006-2021. At the same time, the justification of theoretical features of the change in the specified type of behavior was carried out. First of all, in the article, economic and political conditions in which economy of Ukraine developed during the outlined period are studied. Appropriate statistical indicators were used for this purpose. Also, in the article, taking into account the indicators of macroeconomic dynamics, a thorough study of the field of lending to households was carried out. This made it possible to describe the peculiarities of the change in the state of such crediting in different conditions of the country's economic development. A detailed analysis of individual parameters of bank lending to households made it possible to describe the formed model of credit behavior of these economic entities and conduct a statistical analysis of the impact of individual economic parameters on changes in the volume of such loans, establish the strength of their influence and importance for ensuring stable functioning of the lending sphere of these economic entities.
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