The study provides an analysis of skills required for journalists to use information and communication technologies in professional practice in accordance with modern challenges. The main objective of the present article is to substantiate the need to form the journalist’s instrumental competence in the professional training framework in the specialty “Journalism” in higher education institutions of Ukraine. Methodology: theoretical (abstraction, concretization and generalization of scientific research, pedagogical and professional experience), general (analysis, synthesis, analogy and extrapolation of the analyzed issue to the current state of professional journalism training in Ukraine). Findings and conclusions: 1) as a result of the documentary research, the concept of “instrumental competence of a journalist” (ICJ) was revealed; 2) based on the results of the analytic review of scientific sources and educational documents, the relevant components of journalists’ instrumental competence (knowledge/skills related to software mastering, digital resources and technologies for creating and disseminating media content) are identified; 3) based on the analysis of educational programs in the specialty “Journalism” in Ukrainian higher education institutions, we postulate the need to revise the principles of blocks formation of disciplines aimed at mastering students’ ICJ. Avenues for further research are proposed, in particular, search for mechanisms to maintain a balance between academic knowledge and technological skills in journalism educational programs, which primarily requires the study of positive experiences of modernization of journalism education.
The relevance of the topic of trust is because, in the modern world, the media have a huge impact on public consciousness. Based on what people have heard in the news, read on the Internet, a definite opinion is formed on this or that issue. That is why a person is simultaneously exposed to different sides of such media like television, newspapers, broadcast media. It is not easy to navigate and understand the huge flow of information since a person does not always have the opportunity to check the material's reliability. Most often, after receiving information, a person perceives it as the only correct one, which contributes to the formation of false ideas that have nothing to do with the truth.The constant increase in the volume of information and its sources (in particular, the Internet) raises the question of trust in information. The focus of attention is the very existence of this phenomenon, its relationship with various factors, the relationship between trust in information and broader concepts.During the experiment, the authors revealed that the properties of the information that determine its reliability have a specific hierarchy of significance depending on the type of information. The more important the information is for the user, the more significant is its reliability for trusting it. Once the information's importance decreases, its credibility is determined by several properties of the information. The authors determined which sources users trust most and least and made a user's portrait with the most developed critical thinking.The results obtained can be used to develop a program to increase audience confidence in online media and to develop a program to form a more critical audience attitude to information. The obtained results on trust in information and its socio-psychological factors are based on the key methodological principles of psychological science and supplement the existing knowledge on the issues of trust and distrust concerning information in electronic mass communication.
In the field of network marketing (including digital media) for a long time, there are dynamic changes in approaches to working with customers, aimed at making targeted influences and building complex strategies to transform the casual visitor into a regular consumer, user, customer. A glocal information space is being formed, in which all further strategic guidelines of the campaign are implemented much more effectively.Most marketing strategies are aimed at transforming the visitor into a regular customer and brand connoisseur by creating conditions for comfortable communication or interaction, providing a significant amount of relevant information and services, imposing a large number of different services that partially or completely replace a certain type of human interaction or communication. The digitalization of human existence is taking place.Transformational processes in the principles of communication in digital media, in particular the personal orientation of media resources, influenced the design processes in the media industry, began to develop such areas as emotional design, interaction design, usability, etc. [1], which contributes to the formation of various forms of digital addiction.Digital addiction arises on the border of the emotional and the rational: emotionality, as a psychological factor, makes it possible to influence decisionmaking, subconsciously receive certain judgments, arouse certain desires or form fears. The classic method of forming addiction is based on the use of such a psychological feature of man as the desire to constantly feel certain emotions that have become more accessible in the digital environment, respectively, users have become more dependent on them. The human tendency to attach to objects, images, emotions, the tendency to project them on themselves and identify their existence with them, sometimes even virtually, form a field of influence on the audience, including design tools which can make users trust manufacturers, source of information, etc., to evoke positive or negative emotions, to make people believe in the convenience or effectiveness of the subject, to focus or divert attention from certain disadvantages or advantages, to be serious or pessimistic about the content, to form even a need for a resource, etc.The user visits a network resource or service for a specific purpose of informational, emotional or consumer nature. Provided he achieves his intentions and meets his needs, he will distinguish this resource from others. With the
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