Новий виток технічного розвитку цивілізації, в переході до автоматизації не тільки процесів на виробничих підприємствах, але і процесів, що протікають в повсякденному житті кожної людини, полягає у використанні великої кількості невеликих малопотужних з обчислювальної та енергетичної точки зору пристроїв для виконання однотипних простих завдань. Така технологія закладена в основі узагальненої назви «Інтернет речей» (IoT). Кінцева мета якої – дозволити об’єктам навколо нас ефективно відчувати наше середовище, легко взаємодіяти і врешті-решт створити для нас кращий світ. З огляду на це, дозволяючи пристроям обмінюватися даними, коли вони не належним чином захищені, Інтернет відкриває їм ряд значних вразливих місць. Поряд з усіма перевагами і можливостями нових технологій виробники компонентів системи «Інтернет речей» не приділяють належної уваги проблемам інформаційної безпеки, які виникають при повсякденному використанні як окремих компонентів системи, так і цілого апаратно-програмного комплексу. Основна причина відмова виробників впроваджувати компоненти безпеки – це великі обчислювальні витрати, а отже, велика витрата електричної енергії, що має дуже важлива для апаратури, що працює від автономного джерела живлення. До того ж це призводить до подорожчання системи «Інтернет речей». Це дослідження зосереджене на розгляданні загроз і вразливостях безпеки на кожному рівні архітектури IoT та існуючих технологій доступу, їх слабкі сторони, а також пропонуються рішення для поліпшення загальної безпеки системи за допомогою локального шлюзу IoT.
The article presents the results of analysis of construction principles and functionality of systems used to monitor the condition of high-voltage power transformers. The main functions of modern monitoring systems used to diagnose the condition of electrical network equipment both in Ukraine and abroad were analysed. Based on the analysis it was found that the most characteristic functions of monitoring systems are the detection of rapidly developing defects and continuous control of parameters necessary to predict and assess the state of equipment. It is shown that efficiency of monitoring systems will be determined by both accuracy of measuring instruments and adequacy of prediction and diagnostic models used in the process of measurement results processing. Requirements to the equipment which observance allows providing effective and economically reasonable use of monitoring systems are considered. The typical architecture of modern monitoring systems is analysed, the basic elements of such systems are considered. Basic levels of information flow processing within the systems for monitoring the condition of power transformers have been considered. A detailed description and justification for using diagnostic parameters for monitoring the main components of power transformers such as dissolved gases analysis, partial discharges, current, voltage and power of transformers, oil temperature in different transformer locations, switching and atmospheric overvoltages, short-circuit currents, deformation of windings and others are presented. The output parameters returned by monitoring systems are given. The introduction of modern systems and technical means of monitoring the condition of high-voltage power transformers will reduce the risks of emergencies and, consequently, reduce the economic losses associated with the replacement of damaged transformers and under-release of electrical energy.
The subject of research is the navigation subsystem of autonomous control system to determine the location and position of agricultural machinery during the movement. The purpose of the work is to develop and research model and algorithms to determine the location and position of mobile agricultural machinery using a physical model. The following tasks are solved in the article: development of agricultural machinery physical model to collect information from sensors during movement, further development and research of applicability of algorithms for location and position determination. The following methods are used: methods of mathematical statistics, methods of information systems theory and data processing, methods of random signals filtration. The following results were obtained: during research, the agricultural machinery physical model to collect information from sensors during movement was created. The model includes a GPS receiver, an accelerometer, gyroscope and infrared encoders, to count the rotation of the wheels, as well as its own four wheelbase of agricultural machinery. The modernized GPS coordinate filtration algorithm using a geochex algorithm is proposed, which according to several successively obtained GPS coordinates calculates the hash received coordinates; if the coordinates have the same hash, it can be argued that the vehicle is in the segment of the area that corresponds to this hash. To determine the physical model position during the movement data from the accelerometer and the gyroscope was processed using Savitzky-Golay and Madgwick filters. With the use of wheels’ rotation data, the odometric algorithms for movement and location determining of the agricultural machinery physical model in motion were implemented. Conclusions: to improve the accuracy of estimating the location and position agricultural machinery, algorithms complexation of indicators from different navigation systems should be used to reduce the total error. Research results can be applied in the development of new and modifications of existing navigation subsystems of agricultural machinery autonomous control systems.
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