The Gothic worldview is understood as a manifestation of the environment’s reflection in peoples’ thoughts, which shows the perception of real and unreal / supernatural worlds in their symbiosis and determines the human’s role in it. LIFE and DEATH are universal concepts of culture and most fully they can be shown in the form of frame, the main structural elements of which are ACTANTS, PREDICATES, QUANTIFIERS, PLACE, and TIME.
The article is dedicated to the study of the emotions of mystery in Gothic novels and thrillers. For many years, beginning with ancient times and up to modernity, mysteries and secrets were under thorough investigation by scientists. Mysteries, secrets and silence are associated with horror and happiness. That’s why they became the object of the proposed article. According to the linguacultural approach, the concepts were studied as complex phenomena, with composite meaning peculiar to the concepts under analysis. The concepts MYSTERY, SILENCE and SECRET, were considered as the typical situations, the structure of which consists of such spheres: actants, predicates, attributes, quantifiers, space and time. Each of these spheres represents part of the characteristics and makes it possible to create a general understanding of the concepts under analysis as of complex phenomena, which are most vividly revealed in Gothic novels and thrillers. These novels disclose the emotions of mystery as unknown, horrific and tense situations are the main feature of these genres. Mystery has the key role here and is the inseparable part of their understanding. It was demonstrated that the concepts under analysis represent positive and negative features which denote their ambiguous and binary character at the same time.
The article is dedicated to the studying of emotions and emotional states of thrillers’ heroes. Emotions play one of the main roles in the life of every person; show the inner state, emotional experiences, attitude towards the surrounding and other things. Negative emotions, in their turn, help to go through the horrific moments in life, as far as they are the reflection of everything unknown and uncertain, what the person can encounter during the lifetime. The most profound and vivid representations of the emotional sphere of obscure and strange are given in works of fiction. Namely in thrillers the atmosphere of unknown and incomprehensible is represented fully and thoroughly, because the main aim of these novels is to surprise the reader, to cause negative and terrific feelings. The purpose of this thesis is to denote means of creation of terrific and obscure atmosphere in thrillers. Based on the analysis it was determined that the main means of the achieving the goal, which lies in the intimidation of the reader and the unexpected ending of the novel, are different stylistic means and devices, such as epithet, metaphor, antithesis, personification. They intensify the effect of the reading of the novel, present the bright picture in the reader’s imagination. The general atmosphere also plays an important role in the establishing of the necessary emotional state. Its creation is accomplished with the help of the general terrific images, descriptions of the outer world, constant remindings about the battle between good and evil, light and darkness. The triumph of the light is always determined in the semantics of lexemes with positive meaning, with the help of which the hope for the better future is represented. It was identified that the main means of creation of the general horrifying emotional state in thrillers are antithesis and personifications, which give life to the scary and dreadful notions, make them active participants of the general picture of the novel.
The paper is aimed at studying the category of evaluation, a very important and interesting phenomenon in linguistics. Evaluation of different world's fragments is, of course, a considerable part of human cognitive activity. Evaluation is realized by subject's consciousness in the perception and processing of information about the outside world and relates to internal (linguistic) world of man, reflecting his "view of the world." The essence of the category of evaluation is explained by the theory of value orientation of person's activity and consciousness, and the range of its characteristics embraces all that is given by the physical and mental nature of man, his being and feeling. Evaluation is as a kind of cognitive activity, as in epistemological terms, any cognitive act expresses the attitude of the speaker to the object described, that is, contains an act of evaluation. Evaluative interpretation of circumstances, subjects is one of the most important types of mental-speech activity in everyday life of an individual. The article proposes the communicative approach to the research of evaluative phenomena that exist in the reality and are reflected in language. The communicative aspect of the language means the existence of a unified structure of the linguistic units, bound by the connection of meaningful and formal sides. In this regard, the functioning of evaluative utterances acquires special significance, because the evaluation of various fragments of the world is one of the most important components of individual's cognitive activity. The evaluation should be studied comprehensively and profoundly as a category of high level abstraction as one of the categories given by the social, physical and mental nature of a person, which determines his relation to other individuals and objects of the surrounding reality.
Невербаліка емоцій Nonverbal means of emotionsАнотація. Антропоцентрична парадигма сучасної лінгвістики характеризується підвищеним інтересом до проблем мовної та мовленнєвої репрезентації емоцій. Емоції відіграють важливу роль у пізнанні світу та його осмисленні. Емоції ще не є формою пізнання, але вони викликають у свідомості людини певні переживання, тобто переживання нею ставлення до самого себе, до реальної дійсності, до пізнання і діяльності. Емоції -це специфічна, своєрідна форма когніції, відображення й оцінки навколишньої дійсності людиною. Саме в емоціях знаходить віддзеркалення ставлення певних об'єктів до існування людини як природної та суспільної істоти, до її потреб і прагнень і ставлення людини до них. Дослідження емоцій неможливе без комплексного аналізу невербальної поведінки як біологічно детермінованої системи, яка є невід'ємною частиною процесу спілкування. Існує принаймні дві семіотичні площини емоцій -вербальна, що представляє мовне вираження емоцій, та невербальна, що ілюструє їх фізіологічний прояв. Уся взаємодія людини з навколишнім середовищем має певне емоційне забарвлення. Емоції природно включаються у спілкування між людьми. Це емоційне ставлення, що супроводжує вербальне вираження, формує невербальні аспекти обміну інформацією -невербальне спілкування. Особливість елементів невербальної комунікації в тому, що вони формуються раніше, ніж вербальна частина висловлювання, яка накладається на попередньо виражену невербальну частину. Між вербальними та невербальними складниками можуть складатися різні типи взаємозв'язків. Як правило, емоційний контекст мовлення, за яким слідує паралінгвальний компонент, ідентичний своєму логічному змісту і значною мірою посилює його. Основними невербальними засобами вираження емоцій є кінетичні, фонаційні та проксемні.
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