Innovative
therapies are urgently needed to combat cancer. Thermal
ablation of tumor cells is a promising minimally invasive treatment
option. Infrared light can penetrate human tissues and reach superficial
malignancies. MXenes are a class of 2D materials that consist of carbides/nitrides
of transition metals. The transverse surface plasmons of MXenes allow
for efficient light absorption and light-to-heat conversion, making
MXenes promising agents for photothermal therapy (PTT). To date, near-infrared
(NIR) light lasers have been used in PTT studies explicitly in a continuous
mode. We hypothesized that pulsed NIR lasers have certain advantages
for the development of tailored PTT treatment targeting tumor cells.
The pulsed lasers offer a wide range of controllable parameters, such
as power density, duration of pulses, pulse frequency, and so on.
Consequently, they can lower the total energy applied and enable the
ablation of tumor cells while sparing adjacent healthy tissues. We
show for the first time that a pulsed 1064 nm laser could be employed
for selective ablation of cells loaded with Ti3C2T
x
MXene. We demonstrate both low toxicity
and good biocompatibility of this MXene in vitro,
as well as a favorable safety profile based on the experiments in vivo. Furthermore, we analyze the interaction of MXene
with cells in several cell lines and discuss possible artifacts of
commonly used cellular metabolic assays in experiments with MXenes.
Overall, these studies provide a basis for the development of efficient
and safe protocols for minimally invasive therapies for certain tumors.
Nowadays there is a need for new generation of biodegradable implants, which should be able to stimulate the healing responses of injured tissues at the molecular level. Magnesium alloys attract great attention as perspective bone implants due to their biocompatibility, physical properties and ability to degrade completely under physiological conditions. The main purpose of this research was assessment of in vitro corrosion and surface morphology after short term in vivo implantation of Mg based implant covered by hydroxyapatite (HA). Mg alloys with the addition of Zr (0.65%), Al (1.85%) and Nd (1.25%) were used. In our work, we propose dipping method for hydroxyapatite coatings formation which has been shown to reduce the corrosion rate of magnesium implants in vivo. Simulated body fluid (SBF; pH 7.4) with ion concentrations approximately equal to those of human blood plasma resembling physiological conditions and citrate buffer with pH 5—simulating inflammation were selected as modelling environments for in vitro degradation test. The rod samples were implanted into the tibia bone of rats and after 1 day and 5 days of implantation were taken out to observe cells adhesion on surface samples. SEM was used to assess surface morphology after in vitro and in vivo tests. SBF solution causes some cracks on the surface of HA coatings, while citrate solution at pH 2 caused complete dissolving of the coating. The HA coating favoured cell adhesion and rapid fibrous tissue formation.
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