It is shown that there is a medium in a measuring channel between the object and the measuring device, which in practice can be nonlinear and inertial. An example of such a medium is a pipe filled with gas or a liquid with air bubbles inside. It is noted that the characteristics of the channel output signals can differ significantly from the characteristics of the input signals. A method for solving the inverse measurement problem based on using the Hammerstein model, which consists of two consecutive virtual blocks, is proposed. The order of solving the inverse measurement problem is established: first the problem is solved for a linear inertial block and then for a nonlinear non-inertial one. It is found that the accuracy of input signals restoration depends essentially on matching the pass band of the inertial block with the width of the signal spectrum at the output of the nonlinear inertial block. The requirements are developed to input signals, the measurement function, the bandwidth of the channel, the noise level in it, the accuracy of the output signal measurement, under which the necessary quality of the metrological support is achieved for the inverse measurement problem.
A new method of parameters jumps detection in economic processes is presented. A jump of the economic process parameter must be understood as a rapid parameter change for a time that does not exceed the period of process registration. A system of stochastic differential equations for a posteriori density probability of a jump is synthesized. The solution of the system is the probability of a parameter jump, the estimation and variance of the jump in the presence of a priori information under conditions of noise influence. The simulation results are conducted for profitability of machine building industry of Kharkiv region, Ukraine. The system provides detection of jump parameters, even in conditions of intense noise of economic nature. To increase the probability of finding jumps it is necessary to have a priori information.
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